A possible role for lysozyme in determining acute exacerbation in chronic bronchitis

Taylor, Diana C.; Cripps, Allan W.; Clancy, Robert

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03798.x

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Salivary dysfunction may predispose to oral colonization and subsequent recurrent pulmonary infections (23). Furthermore, sicca symptoms have been reported in association with pulmonary involvement in cGVHD (3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Gland Involvement in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Prevalence, Clinical Significance, and Recommendations for Evaluation

Imanguli

Atkinson

Mitchell

et al. 2010

Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation

120

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Although xerostomia is a commonly reported complaint in patients with chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD), criteria for evaluating the prevalence and characteristics of salivary gland involvement have not been well defined in this patient population. Prior studies also do not make distinction between salivary and mucosal oral cGVHD. We have systematically evaluated sicca symptoms and signs in a large cohort of patients with cGVHD (N=101) using instruments widely used to study Sjogren’s Syndrome. Xerostomia was reported by 77% of the patients and was associated with xerophthalmia in all cases but one. Twenty-seven percent had salivary flow rates of ≤0.2 ml/min, 16% had rates ≤0.1 ml/min. Histopathological changes consisting of mononuclear infiltration and/or fibrosis/atrophy, were present in all patients with salivary dysfunction. Importantly, there was no correlation of salivary and oral mucosal involvement in cGVHD. Patients with cGVHD-associated salivary gland involvement had lower oral cavity-specific quality of life and body mass index. In conclusion, salivary gland involvement is a common and clinically distinct manifestation of cGVHD. Formal evaluation of salivary function using standardized criteria is necessary and may be incorporated as outcome measure in clinical trials of cGVHD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Gland Involvement in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Prevalence, Clinical Significance, and Recommendations for Evaluation

Imanguli

Atkinson

Mitchell

et al. 2010

Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation

120

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“…Although little is known of the role of EAMs in COPD (8)(9)(10), their antibacterial, and more recently, antiviral activities have been established (11). Their potential importance in COPD is underscored by the finding that low levels of two EAMs (secretory leukoprotease inhibitor [SLPI] and lysozyme) are associated with increased frequency of COPD exacerbations and a decreased ability to aggregate NTHI (12,13). In addition, data are emerging showing that EAMs such as defensins and LL-37 can be chemotactic for DCs and can contribute to their maturation program (14)(15)(16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antimicrobial/Elastase Inhibitor Elafin Regulates Lung Dendritic Cells and Adaptive Immunity

Roghanian

Williams

Sheldrake

et al. 2006

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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Infections with bacteria and viruses such as adenovirus are a feature of chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and may be instrumental in the generation of disease exacerbations. We have previously shown in acute models that elafin (a lung natural chemotactic molecule for macrophages and neutrophils, with potent antimicrobial and neutrophil elastase inhibitor activity) is upregulated in infection and modulates innate immunity. Here we present data using two independent systems of elafin overexpression in vivo (recombinant adenovirus [Ad-elafin] and an elafin transgenic mouse line) to examine the function of elafin in adaptive immunity. We show that elafin increases the number (immunofluorescence) and activation status (flow cytometric measurement) of CD11c+/MHCII+ lung dendritic cells in vivo. Analysis of cytokines produced by spleen and lung cells, and of antibodies measured in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, shows that the immunity induced is biased toward a type 1 response (production of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IgG2a). Furthermore, elafin overexpression protected mice against further challenge with Ad-LacZ, as assessed by antibody levels and neutralization titer, as well as LacZ expression in lung tissue. Thus, the pleiotropic molecule elafin has significant potential in modulating antigen-presenting cell numbers and activity, and could be beneficial in mucosal protective strategies.

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“…There is also evidence to suggest that this therapeutic approach stimulates a Th1 type response against chronic microbial infections 49. Recently it was demonstrated that NTHi oral immunotherapy prevented NTHi from penetrating into the terminal airways,15 and this was correlated with an enhanced circulating specific antigen reactive T cell response and a reduction in the level of salivary lysozyme,50 a marker of luminal inflammation in COPD 51. Prospective therapeutic studies aimed at reducing the intrabronchial load of NTHi, which correlate improvement of bronchial hyperreactivity and clinical bronchospasm with laboratory parameters of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, are needed to determine more clearly the clinical relevance of specific IgE antibody in subjects with mild and severe COPD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemophilus influenzae and smoking-related obstructive airways disease

Otczyk¹,

Clancy²,

Cripps³

2011

COPD

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BackgroundIntralumenal bacteria play a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute infective episodes and airway inflammation. Antigens from colonizing bacteria such as nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) may contribute to chronic lung disease through an immediate hypersensitivity response. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of specific NTHi-IgE antibodies in subjects with chronic bronchitis (CB) and COPD who had smoked.MethodsSerum, sputum, and saliva samples were collected from subjects with CB and moderate–severe COPD and healthy aged-matched controls. Total IgE and specific NTHi IgE were measured by enzyme linked immmunosorbent assay. Throat swabs were examined for the presence of NTHi.ResultsThe results demonstrate that: i) specific NTHi IgE antibodies occur at a low level in healthy subjects; ii) those with both CB and moderate–severe COPD have elevated specific NTHi IgE antibody compared with healthy controls, with higher levels in those with most severe disease; iii) IgE levels are greater in those with moderate–severe COPD than in those with CB. They demonstrate specific NTHi IgE antibody is regularly found at higher than normal levels in COPD.ConclusionThe detection of IgE antibody to colonizing bacteria in all subjects with CB or moderate–severe COPD identifies a possible mechanism of bronchospasm in these subjects amenable to specific intervention therapy.

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A possible role for lysozyme in determining acute exacerbation in chronic bronchitis

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Salivary Gland Involvement in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Prevalence, Clinical Significance, and Recommendations for Evaluation

Salivary Gland Involvement in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Prevalence, Clinical Significance, and Recommendations for Evaluation

The Antimicrobial/Elastase Inhibitor Elafin Regulates Lung Dendritic Cells and Adaptive Immunity

Haemophilus influenzae and smoking-related obstructive airways disease

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