A possible way to extract a stationary relationship between ENSO and the East Asian winter monsoon

Abstract

Previous studies have revealed that the relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is not statistically significant when the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is in its positive phase. This study explores a possible way to obtain a robust ENSO-EAWM relationship from a dynamical point of view. Here, the authors show that the East Asian winter temperature is significantly and continuously correlated with ENSO when the linear impact of the PDO has been linearly removed from ENSO. Such a conclusion is confirmed by different reanalysis datasets. The dynamical process intensifying the ENSO-EAWM is further investigated from the perspective of whether or not the atmospheric teleconnection between the Pacific and East Asia has established. Compared to the situation associated with the original ENSO in the positive phase of the PDO, the Walker circulation associated with the processed ENSO, from which the effect of North Pacific climate systems has been removed, tends to exert a more pronounced influence on the atmospheric circulation over the western North Pacific. Consequently, an anomalous anticyclone emerges in the Kuroshio extension. In this sense, the Pacific-East Asian teleconnection is also well established during the positive phase of the PDO, which favors the impact of ENSO on East Asian winter temperature.

Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Variability at Different Ocean Basins on Dust Activities in the Gobi Desert and North China

“…For example, in late autumn, the warming of North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature (SST) were found to be linked to positive geopotential height anomalies over the Urals and weakened winter Asian polar vortex (Z. Han et al., 2011; Peng et al., 1995; Yu & Sun, 2020), thus increasing the dust activity frequency in North China (Zhang and Wang, 2001). La Niña events in the boreal autumn may also significantly enhance the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM), and the water vapor flux diverges with decreasing precipitation around Mongolia, increasing the frequency and intensity of boreal spring dust activities in North China (G. Fan et al., 2020; S. Yang et al., 2018). Decreased winter sea ice coverage in the Arctic stimulates Rossby wave trains, increasing atmospheric instability and inducing more frequent cyclogenesis in North China, which favors dust formation (K. Fan et al., 2017).…”

“…around Mongolia, increasing the frequency and intensity of boreal spring dust activities in North China (G. Fan et al, 2020;S. Yang et al, 2018).…”

Insight into seasonal aerosol concentrations and meteorological influence over a flood affected area using satellite data and statistical model simulation

“…Two correlation coefficients are typically used in applications: the Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Pearson's and Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient (Senthilnathan, 2019). In contrast, the relationship between cloud droplet concentration and precipitation intensity is related to the liquid water path, and as the number of aerosols increases, the radar reflectance spectrum wideness and precipitation increase, while cloud droplet concentration decreases (Fan et al, 2019).…”

A Long‐Lasting Precipitation Deficit in South China During Autumn‐Winter 2020/2021: Combined Effect of ENSO and Arctic Sea Ice

“…The autumn and winter precipitation in East Asia is significantly influenced by the tropical climates (Fan et al., 2020; Hu et al., 2021; Sun et al., 2019a, 2019b; Wang et al., 2000). The interannual variability of tropical climates is dominated by the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which mainly affects the East Asian autumn‐winter climate via the Pacific‐East Asian (PEA) teleconnection (Wang et al., 2000).…”