A post‐mortem study on the prevalence of peripheral dental caries in Scottish horses

Lee, L; Reardon, Richard; Dixon, Paddy

doi:10.1111/eve.12783

Cited by 12 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The main aim of this study is to use high‐throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to identify which bacteria are most likely associated with PC and with the control group (no PC). Because PC is more common in the caudal cheek teeth (Triadan 09–11) compared with the rostral teeth (Triadan 06–08) , data from PC of the rostral and caudal cheek teeth will also be compared with assess for differences in the microbiota between these sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microbiome analysis of equine peripheral dental caries using next generation sequencing

Borkent

Reardon

McLachlan

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Although, peripheral caries (PC) affects almost half of UK horses, no comprehensive microbiological study has been performed on this disorder. As a high proportion of oral bacteria cannot be conventionally cultured, molecular microbiological techniques such as Next Generation Sequencing are required to examine the complex oral bacteria community. Objectives To identify the microbiota involved in equine PC, including comparing microbiota at the more commonly and severely affected three caudal cheek teeth with the less commonly affected three rostral cheek teeth. Study design and Methods Equine dental plaque samples were collected from the palatal aspects of cheek teeth of 63 horses. DNA was isolated and amplified using PCR, targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and Next Generation Sequencing of these gene amplicons was performed. The acquired data were processed and analysed using Mothur and R. Results Streptococcus species was the genus most commonly associated with equine PC, whereas Gemella species was the genus most associated with the control group. In a further analysis where the rostral and caudal cheek teeth were compared with each other and with the control group. Veillonella species was the most commonly associated genus with PC of the rostral cheek teeth, Streptococcus species was the most associated genus with the caudal cheek teeth, and Corynebacterium with the control group. Main limitations Some bacteria can have multiple heterogeneous copies of the 16S rRNA gene, which can affect the estimation of their relative abundance. Conclusions Similar to caries studies in other species, acidogenic and aciduric microorganisms including Streptococcus species were found to be associated with equine peripheral caries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microbiome analysis of equine peripheral dental caries using next generation sequencing

Borkent

Reardon

McLachlan

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dental caries is defined as the demineralisation and destruction of the mineralised dental tissues [1,2]. This occurs when an imbalance in the bacterial biofilm around the teeth creates an acidic oral environment, when certain oral bacteria ferment dietary carbohydrates producing the by-product of acid, which then decalcifies the dental tissues [2]. The peripheral layer of equine cheek teeth is cementum, which is particularly susceptible to caries due to the lower mineral content (65%) (compared to enamel [96-98%] or dentin [70%]) [3], making it less hard and more permeable [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peripheral caries and disease of the periodontium in Western Australian horses: An epidemiological, anatomical and histopathological assessment

Jackson

Kelty

Staszyk

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Peripheral caries may cause significant oral pain and pathology and is very prevalent within the Western Australia horse population. Associations with periodontal disease have been indicated; however, further work is needed to assess the anatomical and histological aspects of the conditions, to better understand the pathophysiology. Objectives To assess the anatomical and histopathological changes associated with equine cheek teeth peripheral caries and disease of the periodontium to better understand the pathogenesis and any association between the conditions. Study design Cross‐sectional epidemiological and histological study. Methods A survey of 500 Western Australia horses was performed to assess the prevalence of peripheral caries and associations with other dental pathologies within the Western Australia horse population. Histopathological assessment was also performed on four extracted cheek teeth affected by peripheral caries and on three interdental areas from an abattoir specimen affected by peripheral caries and interdental feed accumulation. Results There was a significant association between peripheral caries and cheek teeth interdental feed accumulation and gingival recession. This association was significantly stronger in the mandibular cheek teeth than the maxillary cheek teeth and also in horses with moderate or severe peripheral caries compared to horses with mild peripheral caries. Histopathological examination found caries lesions consistent with those found in humans above the gingival margin. Sub‐gingivally, however, the cementum and periodontal structures were normal. In the samples with concurrent peripheral caries and deep feed‐pocketing, there was significant gingival recession; however, only mild or no histopathological changes occurred in the gingiva. Main limitations Small sample size for histopathological assessment. Conclusion Horses with peripheral caries, and in particular, horses with mandibular cheek teeth with peripheral caries are significantly more likely to also be affected by disease of the periodontium than horses without peripheral caries.

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“…2017; Lee et al . 2019; Jackson et al . 2018), as the parotid salivary duct secretes saliva at the level of the triadan maxillary teeth 8 (Dixon and du Toit 2011) and the saliva drains rostrally (Borkent and Dixon 2017), coating these teeth in protective saliva.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic injury to the parotid salivary gland or duct and the subsequent development of ipsilateral severe peripheral dental caries in two horses

Jackson

McConnell

Kelty

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Education

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This report describes two cases of unilateral traumatic injury to the parotid salivary gland or duct and the subsequent development of severe ipsilateral peripheral dental caries. Ultrasonographic examination of the parotid salivary gland and duct was indicative of parotid glandular atrophy in one case and demonstrated parotid duct obstruction in the second case. To the authors' knowledge, the effects of the loss of function of the parotid salivary gland on the horse's dentition has not been documented and should be considered as a potential side effect of surgical ablation of the parotid salivary gland.

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A post‐mortem study on the prevalence of peripheral dental caries in Scottish horses

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

A microbiome analysis of equine peripheral dental caries using next generation sequencing

A microbiome analysis of equine peripheral dental caries using next generation sequencing

Peripheral caries and disease of the periodontium in Western Australian horses: An epidemiological, anatomical and histopathological assessment

Traumatic injury to the parotid salivary gland or duct and the subsequent development of ipsilateral severe peripheral dental caries in two horses

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