A postsample cue to forget does initiate an active forgetting process in pigeons.

Grant, Douglas S.; Soldat, Alexander S.

doi:10.1037/0097-7403.21.3.218

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, a one-sample t -test evaluated against 50% indicated that performance on forget-probe trials was not significantly different from chance, t (3) = 1.00, p = 0.39. The chance levels of performance on forget-probe trials indicates that the forget cue is indeed directing the subject to forget the sample stimulus, a finding in line with other studies using the directed forgetting paradigm [32,33]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…On the basis of behavioural/lesion [27,28], neurochemical [29], and anatomical [30,31] studies, the NCL is considered, much like the PFC for mammals, to be the main integrative and executive area of the avian brain. The pigeons were trained on a directed forgetting [32,33] version of the delayed matching-to-sample task, a standard test of working memory used across a number of species, including birds, rats, monkeys, and humans. The birds were first shown a sample stimulus and then presented with either a remember cue or a forget cue (Figure 1A and 1B; see Materials and Methods).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neural Correlates of Executive Control in the Avian Brain

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Executive control, the ability to plan one's behaviour to achieve a goal, is a hallmark of frontal lobe function in humans and other primates. In the current study we report neural correlates of executive control in the avian nidopallium caudolaterale, a region analogous to the mammalian prefrontal cortex. Homing pigeons (Columba livia) performed a working memory task in which cues instructed them whether stimuli should be remembered or forgotten. When instructed to remember, many neurons showed sustained activation throughout the memory period. When instructed to forget, the sustained activation was abolished. Consistent with the neural data, the behavioural data showed that memory performance was high after instructions to remember, and dropped to chance after instructions to forget. Our findings indicate that neurons in the avian nidopallium caudolaterale participate in one of the core forms of executive control, the control of what should be remembered and what should be forgotten. This form of executive control is fundamental not only to working memory, but also to all cognition.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Executive Control in the Avian Brain

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unfortunately, these indirect means are interesting to pursue, but they do not provide us with definitive answers. The key for future studies is to find ways to present free rewards yet at the same time ensure that the forget cue functions in its intended role [12].…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained activation and executive control in the avian prefrontal cortex

Milmine

Rose

Colombo

2008

Brain Research Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We review our studies examining neural correlates of directed forgetting and executive control in the avian prefrontal cortex. One of the fundamental forms of executive control is the ability to selectively filter information, retaining that which is critical for the current purposes and discarding that which is not. In our first experiment, we trained birds on a directed-forgetting version of a delayed matching-to-sample task. Following a sample stimulus, a bird heard either a remember tone indicating that a memory test would follow, or a forget tone indicating that no memory test would be given. We found that neural activity in the avian prefrontal cortex increased when the bird was told to remember, and decreased when the bird was told to forget. Behavioral probe tests confirmed that the animals were forgetting on forget trials.Although the sustained activation observed on remember trials and the absence of such activation on forget trials could be a code of remembering and forgetting the sample stimulus, it could also be a code of the possibility of obtaining a reward. To address this issue we conducted a second study in which we used three cues: remember, forget, and forget-reward. The forget-reward cue instructed the subject to forget the sample yet at the same time provided a free reward. Neural activity on forget-reward trials matched that on remember trials tentatively indicating that the sustained activation on remember trials might be a reward code rather than a sample stimulus code. Behavioral probe tests, however, failed to indicate that the animals were forgetting on forget-reward trials, and hence it still is possible that the sustained activation could be a code for memory of the sample stimulus. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Sustained activation; Neural correlates of memory; Delay cells; Executive control; Prefrontal cortex; Nidopallium caudolaterale That we remember is self evident, yet how remembering is expressed in the activity of neurons is almost completely unknown. One possible mechanism that has been proposed is that of sustained activation [4,9,20]. Sustained activation is best understood with reference to the delayed matching-to-sample (DMS) task, a classic test of short-term memory in animals [23]. At the end of an intertrial interval (ITI), a sample stimulus (e.g., a circle or a line) is presented on the center of three projectors (see Fig. 1). After the subject makes a response to the sample stimulus, the sample stimulus is turned off for a period of time (delay) during which memory for the sample stimulus is activated. At the end of the delay period, both stimuli (circle and line) appear on the side projectors (comparison). A correct response requires * Corresponding author.E-mail address: colombo@psy.otago.ac.nz (M. Colombo). the subject to select the comparison stimulus that was the same as the sample stimulus. In the case of trial n in Fig. 1, the correct response is to press the circle stimulus, which results in a reward. Selecting the incorrect sti...

show abstract

“…When alternative rewarded tests follow F cues in substitution procedures, the interpretation of results may depend on the nature of the substituted task and the required response (Grant & Barnet, 1991; Kendrick et al, 1981). In some designs (e.g., Grant & Barnet, 1991; Grant & Soldat, 1995), a random stimulus was presented at test after F cues and choices were rewarded indiscriminately. This may train subjects to respond non-differentially after seeing an F cue, resulting in the performance discrepancy between regular R-cued trials and F-cued probes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of working memory in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Hampton

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cogniti

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cognitive control is critical for efficiently using the limited resources in working memory. It is well established that humans use rehearsal to increase the probability of remembering needed information, but little is known in nonhumans, with some studies reporting the absence of active control and others subject to alternative explanations. We trained monkeys in a visual matching-to-sample paradigm with a post-sample memory cue. Monkeys either saw a remember cue that predicted the occurrence of a matching test that required memory for the sample, or a forget cue that predicted a discrimination test that did not require memory of the sample. Infrequent probe trials on which monkeys were given tests of the type not cued on that trial were used to assess whether memory was under cognitive control. Our procedures controlled for reward expectation and for the surprising nature of the probes. Monkeys matched less accurately after forget cues, while discrimination accuracy was equivalent in the two cue conditions. We also tested monkeys with lists of two consecutive sample images that shared the same cue. Again, memory for expected memory tests was superior to that on unexpected tests. Together these results show that monkeys cognitively control their working memory.

show abstract

A postsample cue to forget does initiate an active forgetting process in pigeons.

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Neural Correlates of Executive Control in the Avian Brain

Neural Correlates of Executive Control in the Avian Brain

Sustained activation and executive control in the avian prefrontal cortex

Control of working memory in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About