A posttreatment survey of direct bonding of metal brackets

Relationship between enamel etch characteristics and resin-enamel bond strength

“…They are also consistent with clinical findings 14,15,16,17 that the bond failure rate is higher with posterior teeth, than anterior teeth.…”

“…This is surprising as the lower first molar is reported to have the greatest rate of bond failure in the clinical situation. 14,15,16,17 The reason for the higher rate of bond failure for these teeth may be due to greater masticatory forces. 16 If the stresses placed upon ortho- .…”

Clinical Evaluation of Bracket Bonding Using Two Different Polymerization Sources

“…Previous studies reported more failures in the lower dental arch, while others found no statistically significant difference between failures in the mandibular and maxillary arches. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] In the present study, more failures were found in the mandibular arch than in the maxillary arch. This difference may be attributed to occlusal interferences between the brackets of the lower and the upper dental arch during the first phase of orthodontic therapy, the gravity of the bolus of food, and the presence of more initial crowding in the lower dental arch-especially in the anterior segment-in most of the patients of this sample.…”

“…[15][16][17][18][19]21,[23][24][25][26][27] This finding has been attributed to higher masticatory forces exerted on posterior teeth, 19,23,28,29 access difficulties during bonding, [15][16][17]19,25,26 and differences in the micromorphology and structure of the superficial enamel layer between posterior and anterior teeth. 19,23,30 Because more failures were found in boys than in girls (P ϭ .040), it seems that the boys who participated in this study were less attentive to diet and care of the fixed appliances during the observation period.…”

Bond Failure with a No-Mix Adhesive System

“…2,5,6 This may be due to the altered topography of the buccal enamel in these teeth. [9][10][11][12] Other factors could be the difficulty in moisture control during bonding in the posterior segments, heavier masticatory forces, and partial eruption of second premolars.…”