A potential method to determine pigment particle size on ancient murals using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric analysis

Yin, Yaopeng; Yu, Zongren; Sun, Duixiong; Su, Maogen; Wang, Zhuo; Shan, Zhongwei; Han, Weiwei; Su, Bomin; Dong, Chenzhong

doi:10.1039/d0ay01546f

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…From our previous research about the AAR of laser pulse on the green layer, the results showed that the AAR of laser pulse was influenced significantly by the pigment size of the greenpainted layer, the AAR value gradually became larger with the decreasing pigment sizes on green layers [28]. Therefore, the pigment size in the green area labeled in Figure 9 was estimated first by using a classifiable model of green pigment sizes from our reported results [30]. In the current work, the pigment size in this green area was estimated with 20 spectral data by employing the classifiable model of green pigment, and the result is included in Figure 10B.…”

Section: Depth Profiling Analysis Of Muralsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The objectives of jewelry [21], glass artifacts [22], ceramics, and pottery [23,24] were investigated using LIBS technique. In some different studies with a similar objective, painting [25,26], pigments on illuminated manuscripts [27] simulated murals [28], and wall painting fragments [29,30] were carried out a quick survey utilizing the compact portable LIBS system. In fact, ancient murals are types of art painted on the wall around caves, which resulted in these immovable murals being not permitted to be taken to the laboratory for analysis, so the portable LIBS system was regarded as a useful tool to carry out painted layer research of murals in situ and real time in Mogao Caves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Study of Cave 98 Murals on Dunhuang Grottoes Using Portable Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Yin¹,

Yu²,

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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The investigation of painted layers on murals at Cave 98 from Dunhuang Grottoes was carried out in situ using portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the first time. The ablation effect of laser pulses on a mural surface was evaluated under fixed experimental parameters, and the results showed that the influence of laser ablation on ancient murals was acceptable. Then the pigments used in the red, green, and blue layers were indicated with the LIBS spectral data of the corresponding color coupled with a classifiable model of pigments based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method. Finally, the depth profiling of the multilayer structure composed with overlapped painted layers was determined based on the pigment size information of the superficial green layer and the relationship of laser shots and ablation depth, and the thickness of the superficial green layer was analyzed quantitatively, which fits well with the result of the cross-sectional analysis. Therefore, this work can shed light on the great potential for ancient mural applications in LIBS.

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Section: Depth Profiling Analysis Of Muralsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Study of Cave 98 Murals on Dunhuang Grottoes Using Portable Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Yin¹,

Yu²,

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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“…Azurite was purchased from the Tianya mineral pigment art center (Beijing). Commonly used as a green mineral pigment in the Chinese wall paintings since the Wei and Jin dynasties, 25 such as the wall paintings of Mogao and Kizil Grottoes, azurite was selected for this study. With reference to the recipes stated in the above two ancient Chinese texts, azurite was blended with the binder samples and applied to glass slides with a brush.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Animal Protein-Based Binders in Ancient Chinese Wall Paintings Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Zou

Yeo

2022

Appl Spectrosc

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In this study, the topographical characteristics of protein-based binders in ancient Chinese wall paintings and the properties of their sources were investigated and identified. Firstly, 15 samples of protein-based binders (skin glue, bone glue, egg glue, and milk glue) before and after ageing and mixing azurite were prepared. Next, the topographical characteristics, adhesive properties, and infrared spectra for each chemical group in the binders were analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and the sources of various binders were identified by ATR-FTIR and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results showed that protein binders such as fish bladder, cow bone and egg white glue had lower roughness values and good consolidation properties. The most distinctive feature of skin and bone glues before and after ageing or mixed with azurite was the stretching vibration peak of CH2 deformation vibration at around 1335 cm–1, while the significant characteristics of egg and milk glue was the C=O stretching vibration in Serine at 1306 cm-1 and C=O stretching vibrations in aspartic acid and glutamic acid at 1416 cm-1. In addition, the significant differences of absorbance peaks were observed in the IR spectra of various bone, skin, egg, and milk glue samples before and after ageing while the spectral differences become insignificant after mixing with azurite. The results of PCA confirmed that egg yolk, ewe’s and cow’s milk were well differentiated from animal skin and bone glue regardless whether fresh, aged or mixed with azurite. In addition, the differences between skin and bone glues were significant, and the various types of bone glue could be also differentiated before and after ageing.

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“…For example, both cinnabar and terra rossa display the same color in the red areas of the mural, but research has shown that these areas were created using different pigments [3]. In addition, different shades of green can be found in different areas, depending on the contents of the murals, but they were all created using the same pigment [4]. Moreover, the records of the pigments used in most of the murals and the painting production process cannot be verified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast identification of mural pigments at Mogao Grottoes using a LIBS-based spectral matching algorithm

Zhang

Sun

Yin

et al. 2022

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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To quickly identify mineral pigments in Dunhuang murals, the spectral matching algorithm (SMA) containing four methods was combined with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the first time. According to the similarity values between the two types of the same pigment sample, the optimal range of LIBS spectrum suitable for mineral pigments was determined. A mineral pigment LIBS database was established by comparing the spectral similarity of tablet and simulated samples, and this database was successfully used to identify unknown pigments on tablet, simulated, and real mural debris samples. The above results show that the SMA method coupled with the LIBS technique has great potential for identifying mineral pigments.

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A potential method to determine pigment particle size on ancient murals using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric analysis

Abstract: The information of pigment sizes on mural samples was a key factor to suitable processes of possible restoration and conservation on the ancient murals, and it was also significant to...

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

In Situ Study of Cave 98 Murals on Dunhuang Grottoes Using Portable Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

In Situ Study of Cave 98 Murals on Dunhuang Grottoes Using Portable Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Characterization of Animal Protein-Based Binders in Ancient Chinese Wall Paintings Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Fast identification of mural pigments at Mogao Grottoes using a LIBS-based spectral matching algorithm

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