“…The species spread rapidly throughout the Great Lakes (Clapp et al 2001, Schaeffer et al 2005, Walsh et al 2007) and has reached densities >I00 individuals m-* in some habitats (Chotkowski andMarsden 1999, Steinhart et al 2004). The round goby invasion has altered food webs in the Great Lakes (Johnson et al 2005b). For instance, the round goby may locally extirpate native benthic species (Janssen and Jude 2001, Lauer et al 2004, Balshine et al 2005, reduce recruitment of demersal-spawning fishes by preying on their eggs and larvae (Chotkowski and Marsden 1999, Nichols et al 2003, Steinhart et al 2004, provide a new pathway for biomagnification of contaminants in the food web (Hanari et al 2004, Hogan et al 2007, Ng et al 2008, and serve as a vector for transfer of botulism neurotoxin to fish-eating birds (Yule et al 2006).…”