A potential protective role of losartan against coronavirus-induced lung damage

Zeinalian, Mehrdad; Salari-Jazi, Azhar; Jannesari, Amin; Khanahmad, Hossein

doi:10.1017/ice.2020.80

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Angiotensins 1–7 work on the Mas receptors to relax blood vessels and exhibit anti-proliferation and anti-oxidative activities. ACE2/angiotensins 1–7/Mas formed by the participation of angiotensins 1–7 can attack certain parts of ACE–angiotensin II–AT1R, with functions in maintaining the balance of the body [ 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (Ace2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past 20 years, MLN-4760 (imidazole) [ 79 , 80 , 81 ], captopril derivative [ 82 , 83 ], DX600 and TAPI-2 peptide [ 84 , 85 ], losartan and its derivatives (benzimidazole [ 56 , 82 , 86 , 87 ], chloroquine and its derivatives (quinolone) [ 88 ], diminazene aceturate [ 89 ], cepharanthine (alkaloid) [ 75 ], thiorphan (palmitoyl) [ 87 ], and N -(2-aminoethyl)-1 aziridineethanamine (amino ethyl) [ 90 ] were discovered to have potential as ACE2 inhibitors. However, caution should be taken because, although ACE1 inhibitors (such as captopril, enalapril, and lisinopril) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) (such as olmesartan, losartan, candesartan, and valsartan) do have inhibitory effects on ACE2 [ 91 ], several studies showed that these drugs can increase the ACE2 blood level [ 86 ], which will likely increase the risk of contracting SARS [ 92 ].…”

Section: Inhibitors Of Ace2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Flavonoids as Potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Inhibitors for Anti-SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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Over the years, coronaviruses (CoV) have posed a severe public health threat, causing an increase in mortality and morbidity rates throughout the world. The recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that affected more than 215 countries with over 23 million cases and 800,000 deaths as of today. The situation is critical, especially with the absence of specific medicines or vaccines; hence, efforts toward the development of anti-COVID-19 medicines are being intensively undertaken. One of the potential therapeutic targets of anti-COVID-19 drugs is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 was identified as a key functional receptor for CoV associated with COVID-19. ACE2, which is located on the surface of the host cells, binds effectively to the spike protein of CoV, thus enabling the virus to infect the epithelial cells of the host. Previous studies showed that certain flavonoids exhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition activity, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. Thus, it is being postulated that these flavonoids might also interact with ACE2. This postulation might be of interest because these compounds also show antiviral activity in vitro. This article summarizes the natural flavonoids with potential efficacy against COVID-19 through ACE2 receptor inhibition.

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Section: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (Ace2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inhibitors Of Ace2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Flavonoids as Potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Inhibitors for Anti-SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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“…Patients in the intervention group received bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg body weight plus NS 100 ml. The time from randomization to an improvement of two points on a seven-category ordinal scale or live discharge from the hospital is considered as the main outcome [284].…”

Section: Bevacizumabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological treatments of COVID-19

et al. 2020

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The viral infection due to the new coronavirus or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was reported for the first time in December 2019, was named by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), because of the very similar genome and also its related symptoms to SARS-CoV1. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic with significant mortality, morbidity, and socioeconomic impact is considered by the WHO as a global public health emergency. Since there is no specific treatment available for SARS-CoV2 infection, and or COVID-19, several clinical and sub-clinical studies are currently undertaken to find a gold-standard therapeutic regimen with high efficacy and low side effect. Based on the published scientific evidence published to date, we summarized herein the effects of different potential therapies and up-to-date clinical trials. The review is intended to help readers aware of potentially effective COVID-19 treatment and provide useful references for future studies.

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“…Accordingly, losartan is a selective antagonist of the AT1 receptor which employs an inhibitory effect on the ACE-AngII-AT1 axis in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). So, it may be an effective drug to protect from lung damage induced by coronavirus [65]. Based on earlier laboratory researches, losartan also reduces the synthesis of TGF-1β and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).…”

Section: Losartanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Drugs and Remedies for the Treatment of COVID-19: a Critical Review

et al. 2020

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COVID-19 disease with a high rate of contagious and highly nonspecific symptoms, is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms such as respiratory symptoms, cough, dyspnea, fever, and viral pneumonia and recover without any special cure. However, some others need special and emergency treatment to get rid of this widespread disease. Till now, there are numbers of proposed novel compounds as well as standards therapeutics agent existed for other conditions seems to have efficacy against the 2019-nCoV. Some which are being tested for MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV are validated that could be also efficient against this new coronavirus. However, there are currently no effective specific antivirals or drug combinations introduced for 2019-nCoV specifically that be supported by highlevel evidence. The main purpose of this paper is to review typical and ongoing treatments for coronavirus disease including home remedies, herbal medicine, chemical drugs, plasma therapy, and also vaccinies. In this regards, famous herbal medicines and common chemical drugs which are routinely to be prescribed for patients are introduced. Moreover, a section is assigned to the drug interactions and some outdated drugs which have been proved to be inefficient. We hope that this work could pave the way for researchers to develop faster and more reliable methods for earlier treatment of patients and rescue more people.

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A potential protective role of losartan against coronavirus-induced lung damage

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Natural Flavonoids as Potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Inhibitors for Anti-SARS-CoV-2

Natural Flavonoids as Potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Inhibitors for Anti-SARS-CoV-2

Pharmacological treatments of COVID-19

Potential Drugs and Remedies for the Treatment of COVID-19: a Critical Review

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