A Practical Application of X-Ray Spectroscopy in Ti-Al-N and Cr-Al-N Thin Films

Ipaz, L.; Aperador, W.; Caicedo, J.C.; Esteve, Joan Ràfols; Zambrano, G.

doi:10.5772/29640

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The XPS literature spectra of TiAlN reported a nitrogen-(Ti,Al) peak ranging between 396.4 and 398.6 eV. This is consistent with the formation of both N-Ti and N-Al bonds that show peaks placed at 396.7–398.0 eV and at 396.8–398.6 eV, respectively [40,41,43]. The differences found by different authors regarding the N-Ti and N-Al BEs have been attributed to a variation of nitride stoichiometry as well as to oxygen contamination [42,45].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Moreover, it is well known that magnetron sputtering based technologies can cause coating texture. In particular, (220) texture was already reported in the literature [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. The burner rig test carried out at 850 °C or at 950 °C did not result in the appearance of oxide peaks in the XRD patterns, probably because a very thin and not well crystallized oxide layer forms under these conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The titanium nitride spectra also show a spin orbit doublet. The Ti2p 3/2 peak was previously observed in the BE range between 454.4 and 455.8 eV [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], while the component of the doublet Ti2p 1/2 was detected at 460.2 eV [ 42 ] or at 461.1 eV [ 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Al2p HR spectrum of the uncoated intermetallic alloy ( Figure 5 a) showed a single peak at 71.9 eV which can be attributed to metallic bonds. Indeed, according to the literature, the BEs for Al-Al and Al-Ti are 72.8 eV [ 40 ] and 71.5 eV [ 43 ], respectively. The binding energy for Al-N bond is higher since the Al2p 3/2 peak for this bond was observed in the range between 73.7 and 74.3 eV [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Al2p, HR spectrum of as-processed TiAlN coatings, we observed a peak at 74.2 eV in agreement with the literature data ( Figure 5 a). When some oxygen remained on the sample surface (in spite of the surface cleaning by sputtering) the fitting of the Al2p peak required a small contribution of a peak at 75.6 eV that can be attributed to Al-O bonds characteristic of alumina [ 40 , 44 ]. The N1s HR spectrum detected on coated samples confirmed the presence of the nitride ( Figure 5 b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Shock and Oxidation Behavior of HiPIMS TiAlN Coatings Grown on Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Intermetallic Alloy

et al. 2016

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A High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) method for depositing TiAlN environmental barrier coatings on the surface of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy was developed in view of their exploitation in turbine engines. Three differently engineered TiAlN films were processed and their performance compared. Bare intermetallic alloy coupons and coated specimens were submitted to thermal cycling under oxidizing atmosphere up to 850 °C or 950 °C, at high heating and cooling rates. For this purpose, a burner rig able to simulate the operating conditions of the different stages of turbine engines was used. Microstructures of the samples were compared before and after each test using several techniques (microscopy, XRD, and XPS). Coating-intermetallic substrate adhesion and tribological properties were investigated too. All the TiAlN films provided a remarkable increase in oxidation resistance. Good adhesion properties were observed even after repeated thermal shocks. HiPIMS pretreatments of the substrate surfaces performed before the coating deposition significantly affected the oxidation rate, the oxide layer composition and the coating/substrate adhesion.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Shock and Oxidation Behavior of HiPIMS TiAlN Coatings Grown on Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Intermetallic Alloy

et al. 2016

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PVD coatings influence (TiCN, BCN, and CrAlN) on the fatigue life behavior of AISI 1045 steel for automotive applications

Jácome

Angulo

Castro

2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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This current work evaluated the in uence of Titanium Carbo-nitride (TiCN), Chromium Aluminum Nitride (CrAlN) and Boron Carbo-nitride (BCN) coatings deposited on AISI 1045 steel and its behavior in fatigue life. Suitable deposition parameters were established for the coatings to show high hardness onto the substrate, appropriate deposition time for polycrystalline growth and desired stoichiometry, as well as a stable layer thickness of ~ 3 µm. The physical and chemical properties of the coatings obtained were established by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and nanoindentation; the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the analysis of the fracture surfaces of the samples subjected to fatigue. The analysis of the fatigue behavior of the uncoated and coated substrates were performed under rotary bending conditions applying maximum alternating stresses in the interval of 55-70% of the ultimate strength value, i.e. from 479 to 610 MPa, respectively; the test was performed at room temperature. The study of the results established that the fatigue resistance properties increased for the three types of coated samples, TiCN, BCN and CrAlN, with values of 9.6%, 4.2% and 3.9%, respectively, calculated for 1x10 6 cycles. The highest value in fatigue life improvement corresponded to the TiCN coating, followed by BCN. This can be associated to the increase hardness present in the TiCN layer; this improved the mechanical properties of the coating. The examination of the fracture surfaces carried out in the tested samples (coated and uncoated), clearly demonstrate that the cracks produced by fatigue started in the surface of the coating and later propagated to the substrate. The mechanicals and fatigue results found in these ternary coatings deposited on AISI 1045 steel open a possibility of future applications in mechanical devices e.g. automotive applications that require high fatigue demands in service conditions.

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Relationship of the structural, mechanical, and tribological behaviors among TiCN, BCN, and CrAlN coatings in the fatigue life of AISI 1045 steel for automotive industry

Jácome

Angulo

2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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This work links the relationship between the structural, morphological, mechanical and tribological behaviors with the rotary fatigue life performances of AISI 1045 steel substrates coated with Titanium Carbo-nitride (TiCN), Chromium Aluminum Nitride (CrAlN) and Boron Carbon Nitride (BCN) through PVD.Appropriate conditions of the deposition of the coatings allowed to obtain improved properties. These coatings were deposited on AISI 1045 steel substrates. Singular layers of the different coatings were used, with a stable layer thickness of ~ 3 µm. The in uence of the coating type on the crystal structure, bond energies, and microstructural properties were established by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties such as hardness and modulus of elasticity of the coatings were determined by nanoindentation. Tribological characterization techniques were used to determine friction coe cients. For the rotary fatigue test, the following ratios, 70%, 65%, 60% and 55% of the ultimate stress value, were chosen to determine the applied stress levels. For all three coatings an increase in fatigue strength was found: 9.625% for TiCN, 4.215% for BCN and 3.954% for CrAlN. The increase in mechanical properties together with the lower presence of residual stresses in the coatings justi es the increase in fatigue resistance.

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A Practical Application of X-Ray Spectroscopy in Ti-Al-N and Cr-Al-N Thin Films

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Thermal Shock and Oxidation Behavior of HiPIMS TiAlN Coatings Grown on Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Intermetallic Alloy

Thermal Shock and Oxidation Behavior of HiPIMS TiAlN Coatings Grown on Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Intermetallic Alloy

PVD coatings influence (TiCN, BCN, and CrAlN) on the fatigue life behavior of AISI 1045 steel for automotive applications

Relationship of the structural, mechanical, and tribological behaviors among TiCN, BCN, and CrAlN coatings in the fatigue life of AISI 1045 steel for automotive industry

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