A Practical Approach to Consider Forming Effects for Full Vehicle Crash Application

Simulation and Optimization of an Aluminum-Intensive Body-on-Frame Vehicle for Improved Fuel Economy and Enhanced Crashworthiness - Front Impacts

“…As a result, manufacturing and welding processes affecting the frame's properties need to be considered when modeling the frame structures. The modeling methodology of a frame with consideration of manufacturing and welding processes has been developed previously and can be found in [74,75,76,77,78,79,80, examples in Figures 31f, 31g]. Material coupon tests were conducted by using coupons cut at different locations of the frame, as shown in Figures 31h, 31j, and 31j, to verify and confirm the material properties used in the frame finite element model.…”

Coupled effect of thickness optimization and plastic forming history on crashworthiness performance of thin-walled square tube

“…Also, they emphasized that the use of coarser mesh yields equally good results when compared to ner mesh. Gao et al [18]compared the crash responses for one-step forming and incremental forming. They explained that there is a considerable difference between two methods and concluded that incremental forming simulation provides more accurate results.…”