A practical field guide to conducting nursing research in low- and middle-income countries

Abstract

Purpose To offer practical guidance to nurse investigators interested in international research in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Lessons learned and strategies for planning and implementing an international research project are addressed. Method Four nurse researchers who conducted studies in diverse international settings (Argentina, India, South Africa and Tanzania) describe their collective experiences regarding study planning and implementation, data collection using a variety of methods, and cultural, contextual and ethical considerations. Discussion Nurses who undertake international health research projects–particularly in LMICs–can face unique challenges and opportunities. Recommendations for success include: advance planning, remaining flexible, having a back-up plan, cultivating an attitude of curiosity and cultural humility, establishing collaborative and respectful partnerships, and budgeting adequate time. Conclusions Nurse scientists often receive little training and support to conduct international research. Guidance to undertake research projects in LMICs can build capacity for nurses to make significant contributions to global health.

Paying patient and caregiver research participants: putting theory into practice

“…Where participants are given a choice of the method of payment, efforts should be made to ensure equitable pay for their participation . When conducting research with vulnerable populations, in particular, it is advisable to seek advice from the local community to establish the most appropriate form of payment based on a sound understanding of the importance of money or material possessions (Ensign 2003, Hammett & Sporton 2012, LeBaron et al 2015.…”

“…When conducting research with vulnerable populations, in particular, it is advisable to seek advice from the local community to establish the most appropriate form of payment based on a sound understanding of the importance of money or material possessions (Ensign , Hammett & Sporton , LeBaron et al . ).…”

“…, LeBaron et al . ). In the United Kingdom, healthy volunteers are typically paid for participating in research, while patient participants generally receive reimbursement for health care (Jennings et al .…”

“…In these cases, it may be appropriate to consult local collaborators about the most culturally proper way to acknowledge participants’ contribution (LeBaron et al . ). Gift cards, vouchers, and non‐monetary gifts such as t‐shirts or mugs have been found to have a lower influence than money on the decision‐making process of prospective participants (Largent et al .…”

A model for upscaling global partnerships and building nurse and midwifery capacity

“…To prepare students to address global health concerns, the faculty have consistently strived to mentor students and one another to establish a respectful, balanced and mutually beneficial collaboration in global teaching and research endeavours (LeBaron et al. ). This article explores an integrated global approach to upscaling nurse and midwife capacity using examples of partnerships between Baylor University and nursing and midwifery programmes and institutions across three continents.…”