A Practical, Precise Method for Frequency Tracking and Phasor Estimation

Phasors Estimation at Offnominal Frequencies Through an Enhanced-SVA Method With a Fixed Sampling Clock

“…But most of them require high computational burden and complex implementation. This paper has integrated the Fourier algorithm frequency estimation with the proposed resampling algorithm as it is relatively simple, computationally efficient and can also estimate the fundamental frequency accurately [38]. Fourier algorithm for frequency estimation is based on the phase angle difference between two phasors.…”

Genetic algorithms applied to phasor estimation and frequency tracking in PMU development

“…Some techniques used for this purpose must be highlighted: the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and correction algorithms considering its limitations [8][9][10][11][12][13], algorithms based on the Least Error Squares method [14,15], the Phase Locked-Loop filters (PLLs) [16,17], as well as the Kalman filter [18,19]. According to [7], most algorithms used in commercial PMUs are based on the DFT.…”

“…[9,8] also modify the DFT results. Instead of considering the partial error of the phase resultant from the DFT, this estimation process is based on the total error and consequently improves the performance of the algorithm.…”

A Simple Algorithm for Simultaneous Sine Signal Parameters Estimation

“…Various numerical algorithms for power measurements are sensitive to frequency variations. Typical examples are algorithms based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) or the least-mean-square (LMS) technique and on the assumption that the system frequency is known in advance and constant (50 or 60 Hz) [3,4].…”

“…To better satisfy the periodicity requirement of the FFT process, time-weighting functions, called windows and/or correction interpolation algorithms are used [4]. In this way, however, the error can only be reduced but not removed.…”