“…One criterion for the consideration of political subunits remains the modern national state and the members of these human groups are the national citizens, who experience a shared bundle of norms formed by the national Constitution, formal laws and informal social norms and practices. However, this traditional organisation of the political space based on the Treaty of Westphalia does not suffice for examining the establishment and maintenance of normative orders, especially because the reality of algorithmic law is forged by transnational social relations across the cyberspace shaped by the fragmented constitutions, laws, standards and social norms of lex internetica (Frydman, 2012;2014;Frydman and Rorive, 2002;Teubner, 2012). These normative orders look more like heterarchical networks rather than the hierarchical normative pyramids of positive state law (Ost and van de Kerchove, 2010;Kelsen, 1967).…”