A Predictable Pathophysiological Model of Porcine Hepatic Failure

Abstract

A technique is described in which acute hepatic failure may be uniformly induced in pigs using a combination of oral phenobarbitone pretreatment and 2-hour interruption of hepatic arterial blood supply followed by intragastric carbon tetrachloride. This results in deep hepatic coma over a narrowly predictable time span and death within 12–52 h. Amino acid levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid obtained 24 h after the induction of hepatic failure were similar to those reported in human and experimental encephalopathy.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Selective Metabolic Adaptation of Streptococcus suis to Porcine Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid

“…Respective genes encoding for multiple amino acid transporter systems such as branched-chain amino acids ( SSU1360-SSU1364 ), for a polar amino acid ABC transporter ( SSU0501-0503 , SSU087 5), and for a peptide transport system ( SSU1660-SSU1664 ) were increased in expression, indicating the demand of these sources by S. suis grown in CSF. Determination of the amino acid concentrations in porcine CSF (Table S6) revealed an approximately 10-fold lower concentration of many amino acids except glutamine in the CSF than in porcine serum, which was in agreement with other studies [21,22]. In line with this observation, the regulation of the operons SSU1192-1195 ( glnQ4 ) and SSU1851-1853 ( glnQ5 ) encoding for two putative glutamine ABC transporter systems was decreased (Figure 1B).…”

Characterization of the Pivotal Carbon Metabolism of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 under ex Vivo and Chemically Defined in Vitro Conditions by Isotopologue Profiling

“…This holds true in particular for amino acids found to be labeled in even lower percentages like Lys, Phe, Tyr, or Val, indicating that uptake rather than de novo biosynthesis is favored by S. suis. The amino acid concentrations of porcine serum (1-10 mg/dl) and CSF (0.1-2 mg/dl) differ and even vary in the composition of the single amino acids (49,50). This implies that porcine blood and CSF provide sufficient amounts of amino acids for S. suis at least for the time period investigated.…”

“…Further evidence for this metabolic fine-tuning is given by the higher de novo biosynthesis rates for Lys, Phe, and Ile after incubation of S. suis in CSF compared with CDM. Ile and Phe are amino acids that were found in rather low concentrations in CSF (49,50). In particular, Ile biosynthesis seems to be the result of exhausting Ile amounts in CSF because de novo biosynthesis of Ile could not be detected in vitro.…”

Διαταραχές Της Λειτουργίας Του Εντέρου Σε Πειραματικό Μοντέλο Ισχαιμίας Και Επαναιμάτωσης Ήπατος Χοίρων Μετά Ηπατεκτομή

“…Τπάνπμοκ πεζναιαηζηά ιμκηέθα πμο ζοκδοάγμοκ δζάθμνεξ ζηναηδβζηέξ βζα ηδκ πνυηθδζδ δπαηζηήξ ακεπάνηεζαξ πμο πενζθαιαάκμοκ ζοκδοαζιμφξ ιενζηήξ δπαηεηημιήξ είηε ιε ζζπαζιία (153), είηε ιε πμνήβδζδ βαθαηημγαιίκδξ (154). Δπίζδξ έπεζ πνμηαεεί ηαζ δ πμνήβδζδ ηεηναπθςνάκεναηα ζε ζοκδοαζιυ ιε ζζπαζιία (168).…”