A Predictive 1D Modeling Framework for Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines, via a Chemistry-Based, Multizone Combustion Object

Kakoee, Alireza; Vasudev, Aneesh; Smulter, Ben; Hyvonen, Jari; Mikulski, Maciej

doi:10.4271/2023-24-0001

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…Steady state measurement data. The baseline "Ref" is the standard IMO TIER III 25% load calibration point on the commercial W31DF[42].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Temperature Combustion Modeling and Predictive Control of Marine Engines

Modabberian,

Storm,

Shamekhi

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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The increase of popularity of reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) is attributed to its capability of achieving ultra-low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions with high brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The complex and nonlinear nature of the RCCI combustion makes it challenging for model-based control design. In this work, a model-based control system is developed to control the combustion phasing and the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of RCCI combustion through the adjustments of total fuel energy and blend ratio (BR) in fuel injection. A physics-based nonlinear control-oriented model (COM) is developed to predict the main combustion performance indicators of an RCCI marine engine. The model is validated against a detailed thermo-kinetic multizone model. A novel linear parameter-varying (LPV) model coupled with a model predictive controller (MPC) is utilized to control the aforementioned parameters of the developed COM. The developed system is able to control combustion phasing and IMEP with a tracking error that is within a 5% error margin for nominal and transient engine operating conditions. The developed control system promotes the adoption of RCCI combustion in commercial marine engines.

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“…Steady state measurement data. The baseline "Ref" is the standard IMO TIER III 25% load calibration point on the commercial W31DF[42].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Temperature Combustion Modeling and Predictive Control of Marine Engines

Modabberian,

Storm,

Shamekhi

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Start of Injection Influence on In-Cylinder Fuel Distribution, Engine Performance and Emission Characteristic in a RCCI Marine Engine

Kakoee,

Mikulski,

Vasudev

et al. 2024

Energies

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Reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) is a promising new combustion technology for marine applications. It has offered the potential to achieve low NOx emissions and high thermal efficiency, which are both important considerations for marine engines. However, the performance of RCCI engines is sensitive to a number of factors, including the start of injection. This study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the effects of start of ignition (SOI) on the performance of a marine RCCI engine. The CFD model was validated against experimental data, and the results showed that the SOI has a significant impact on the combustion process. In particular, the SOI affected the distribution of fuel and air in the combustion chamber, which in turn affected the rate of heat release and the formation of pollutants. Ten different SOIs were implemented on a validated closed-loop CFD model from 96 to 42 CAD bTDC (crank angle degree before top dead center) at six-degree intervals. A chemical kinetic mechanism of 54 species and 269 reactions tuned and used for simulation of in-cylinder combustion. The results show that in early injection, high-reactivity fuel was distributed close to the liner. This distribution was around the center of late injection angles. A homogeneity study was carried out to investigate the local equivalence ratio. It showed a more homogenous mixture in early injection until 66 CAD bTDC, after which point, earlier injection timing had no effect on homogeneity. Maximum indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) was achieved at SOI 48 CAD bTDC, and minimum amounts of THC (total hydrocarbons) and NOx were observed with middle injection timing angles around 66 CAD bTDC.

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Integrated 1D Simulation of Aftertreatment System and Chemistry-Based Multizone RCCI Combustion for Optimal Performance with Methane Oxidation Catalyst

Kakoee,

Hunicz,

Mikulski

2024

JMSE

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This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the design of a methane oxidation catalyst aftertreatment system specifically tailored for the Wärtsilä W31DF natural gas engine which has been converted to a reactivity-controlled compression ignition NG/Diesel engine. A GT-Power model was coupled with a predictive physical base chemical kinetic multizone model (MZM) as a combustion object. In this MZM simulation, a set of 54 species and 269 reactions as chemical kinetic mechanism were used for modelling combustion and emissions. Aftertreatment simulations were conducted using a 1D air-path model in the same GT-Power model, integrated with a chemical kinetic model featuring 15 catalytic reactions, based on activation energy and species concentrations from combustion outputs. The latter offered detailed exhaust composition and exhaust thermodynamic data under specific operating conditions, effectively capturing the intricate interactions between the investigated aftertreatment system, combustion, and exhaust composition. Special emphasis was placed on the formation of intermediate hydrocarbons such as C2H4 and C2H6, despite their concentrations being lower than that of CH4. The analysis of catalytic conversion focused on key species, including H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, C2H4, and C2H6, examining their interactions. After consideration of thermal management and pressure drop, a practical choice of a 400 mm long catalyst with a density of 10 cells per cm2 was selected. Investigations of this catalyst’s specification revealed complete CO conversion and a minimum of 89% hydrocarbon conversion efficiency. Integrating the exhaust aftertreatment system into the air path resulted in a reduction in engine-indicated efficiency by up to 2.65% but did not affect in-cylinder combustion.

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A Predictive 1D Modeling Framework for Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines, via a Chemistry-Based, Multizone Combustion Object

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Low Temperature Combustion Modeling and Predictive Control of Marine Engines

Low Temperature Combustion Modeling and Predictive Control of Marine Engines

Start of Injection Influence on In-Cylinder Fuel Distribution, Engine Performance and Emission Characteristic in a RCCI Marine Engine

Integrated 1D Simulation of Aftertreatment System and Chemistry-Based Multizone RCCI Combustion for Optimal Performance with Methane Oxidation Catalyst

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