A predictive model of criminality in civil psychiatric populations

Evans, Laura; Ιωάννου, Μαρία; Hammond, Laura

doi:10.1108/jcp-10-2014-0015

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…With regard to impulsiveness, unlike previous findings [36,37], we found no differences between the two groups when rated by the BIS. Although there were differences in BGHA scores, the BDHI scores among cases were similar to those found in a study conducted among male prisoners [38].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Violence risk and mental disorders (VIORMED-2): A prospective multicenter study in Italy

et al. 2019

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Background The management of mentally ill offenders in the community is one of the great challenges imposed on community psychiatry. Aim The aim of this study was to analyze the association between sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors and violent behavior in a sample of outpatients with severe mental disorders. Method This was a prospective cohort study with a baseline cross-sectional design used to provide a detailed analysis of patients’ profiles, followed by a longitudinal design to measure aggressive and violent behavior during a 1-year follow-up. Patients with severe mental disorders, with or without a history of violence, were enrolled in four Italian Departments of Mental Health and underwent a comprehensive multidimensional assessment. Results The sample included 247 outpatients, for a total of 126 cases and 121 controls. Compared to controls, patients with a history of violence had a greater frequency of lifetime domestic violence, a greater lifetime propensity to misuse substances, and a higher number of compulsory admissions. The forthnightly monitoring during the 1-year follow-up did show statistically significant differences in aggressive and violent behavior rates between the two groups. Verbal aggression was significantly associated with aggression against objects and physical aggression. Moreover, outpatients with an history of violence showed statistically significant higher MOAS scores compared to both residential patients with an history of violence, assessed in the first wave of this project, and all controls. Conclusions Patients with a history of violence had specific characteristics and showed a greater occurrence of additional community violence during a 1-year observation period. Our results may assist clinicians in implementing standardized methods of patient assessment and violence monitoring in outpatient mental health services and may prompt improved collaboration between different community services.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Violence risk and mental disorders (VIORMED-2): A prospective multicenter study in Italy

et al. 2019

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“…Interestingly, it is no coincidence that studies have shown high correlation with drug use, intelligence, impulsivity, and psychopathy among those arrested in forensic and psychiatric populations. Evans et al note that drug use and impulsivity are highly indicative of criminal and psychotic behavior, meaning where drug use and psychological disorders meet, there will be crime [24].…”

Section: Complexities With Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from various drug debates, marijuana as the number one drug of abuse among this population raises the notion this is one finding that can help explain the difficulties in recognizing mental illness at its core. In other words, too often are there cases where someone suffering from a psychological disorder goes unnoticed until they reach a breaking point that leads to a criminal act; individuals who knew the person claim they had no idea about the illness [24]. It is plausible to think marijuana use has, for a period, masked the mental illness, allowing that person to appear normal until either increased use or cessation has induced a manic episode.…”

Section: Dickey Mrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Covert Inducer: Narrative Commentary of Marijuana in the 21st Century and its Connection to Psychological Disorders

Dickey¹

2019

J Psychol Psychother

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Research into Cannabis induced psychosis and marijuana's effect on pre-existing mental disorders has been underway for several decades. However, many of these findings have surfaced in the U.S. over the last 15 years. Most of the information includes endogenous cannabinoid receptors in the brain, facts recently discovered, and more scientific evidence is needed to fully understand their role in Cannabis induced psychosis. Because cannabinoid receptors are neuromodulators, neurotransmitters are involved and how these are affected has yet to be discovered. Based on current understanding of neurotransmitters, the central nervous system, and mental disorders, this narrative review explores possible mechanisms of Cannabis induced mental disorders from a toxicological, pharmacological, and psychological perspective. This review also discusses the myth that no long-term ailments or illnesses arise from Cannabis use. It also illustrates why it is important to consider the potential consequences of legalizing Cannabis due to costly impacts on society with respect to public health and safety. Additionally, the author shares an experience observing an individual suffering from a mental disorder whose increased marijuana use led to more frequent, and dangerous, manic episodes.

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Untangling Intelligence, Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Conduct Problems: A Meta–Analytic Review

et al. 2019

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Substantial research has investigated the association between intelligence and psychopathic traits. The findings to date have been inconsistent and have not always considered the multidimensional nature of psychopathic traits. Moreover, there has been a tendency to confuse psychopathy with other closely related, clinically significant disorders. The current study represents a meta‐analysis conducted to evaluate the direction and magnitude of the association of intelligence with global psychopathy, as well as its factors and facets, and related disorders (i.e. antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder). Our analyses revealed a small, significant, negative relationship between intelligence and total psychopathy (r = −.07, p = .001). Analysis of factors and facets found differential associations, including both significant positive (e.g. interpersonal facet) and negative (e.g. affective facet) associations, further affirming that psychopathy is a multidimensional construct. Additionally, intelligence was negatively associated with antisocial personality disorder (r = −.13, p = .001) and conduct disorder (r = −.13, p = .001) but positively with oppositional defiant disorder (r = .06, p = .001). There was significant heterogeneity across studies for most effects, but the results of moderator analyses were inconsistent. Finally, bias analyses did not find significant evidence for publication bias or outsized effects of outliers. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

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A predictive model of criminality in civil psychiatric populations

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

Violence risk and mental disorders (VIORMED-2): A prospective multicenter study in Italy

Violence risk and mental disorders (VIORMED-2): A prospective multicenter study in Italy

The Covert Inducer: Narrative Commentary of Marijuana in the 21st Century and its Connection to Psychological Disorders

Untangling Intelligence, Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Conduct Problems: A Meta–Analytic Review

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