A predictive model of treatment outcome in patients with chronic HCV infection using IL28B and PD-1 genotyping

Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genotypes and KIR2DL2/3 Variants in HCV Treatment Outcome

“…The strongest association has been shown with the IFNL3 SNP rs12979860 C/C genotype, which has an SVR ratio over 70% in European-American and Hispanic patients with the HCV genotype 1 [27]. Other host genetic factors associated with the response outcome have been reported, such as KIR [29] and the PD-1.3 polymorphism in the PDCD1 gene, which has recently been described by our group [30].…”

“…One such marker is PDCD1 , which allowed us to develop a model for predicting the response to conventional therapy. Combining the analysis of this marker with IFNL3 genotyping considerably improved the predictability of response to standard treatment established using other parameters such as viral load or viral genotype [30].…”

“…The rs12979860 SNP was genotyped by amplifying the region containing the polymorphic site and hybridisation with fluorescent-labelled probes in an RT-PCR based on the melting-curve analysis using the Light-Cycler system (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) [30].…”

Ninety-Day Survival Rate of Patients with Sepsis Relates to Programmed Cell Death 1 Genetic Polymorphism rs11568821

“…Programmed cell death 1 protein is now realized to regulate the balance between T-cell activation and tolerance 17 and also to have a key role in T-cell exhaustion 18 ; for example, PD-1 rs11568821 has been described as a genetic modifier for risk and progression of multiple sclerosis 19 and for the outcome of kidney transplantation 20 and as a predictor for sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C. 21 …”

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“…17 The programmed cell death-1 (PDCD-1 or PD.1) gene is another costimulatory molecule located in chromosome 2q37.3, encoding a 55 kDa glycoprotein member of CD28 immunoglobulin superfamily receptors. 18,19 Programmed cell death-1 is an inhibitory immunoreceptor expressed on different hematopoietic cell types including activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells, plays a crucial role in the down-regulation of immune responses. 3,20,21 Studies have shown a strong association between HBV viremia and higher expression of PD.1 on T cells.…”