A Preliminary Analysis of the Immunoglobulin Genes in the African Elephant (Loxodonta africana)

Guo, Yanbin; Bao, Yonghua; Wang, Hui; Hu, Xiaoxiang; Zhao, Zhihui; Li, Ning; Zhao, Yaofeng

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016889

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…examined birds (Huang et al, 2012; Magor et al, 2013), rabbit (Lanning et al, 2003), opossum (Wang et al, 2009), elephant (Guo et al, 2011)]. The gene for ighδ is located immediately 3′ downstream of the ighμ gene in most tetrapod and teleost fish (Bengtén and Wilson, 2015).…”

Section: Immunoglobulins Of Teleost Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

B cells and their role in the teleost gut

Parra

Korytář

Takizawa

et al. 2016

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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Mucosal surfaces are the main route of entry for pathogens in all living organisms. In the case of teleost fish, mucosal surfaces cover the vast majority of the animal. As these surfaces are in constant contact with the environment, fish are perpetually exposed to a vast number of pathogens. Despite the potential prevalence and variety of pathogens, mucosal surfaces are primarily populated by commensal non-pathogenic bacteria. Indeed, a fine balance between these two populations of microorganisms is crucial for animal survival. This equilibrium, controlled by the mucosal immune system, maintains homeostasis at mucosal tissues. Teleost fish possess a diffuse mucosa-associated immune system in the intestine, with B cells being one of the main responders. Immunoglobulins produced by these lymphocytes are a critical line of defense against pathogens and also prevent the entrance of commensal bacteria into the epithelium. In this review we will summarize recent literature regarding the role of B-lymphocytes and immunoglobulins in gut immunity in teleost fish, with specific focus on immunoglobulin isotypes and the microorganisms, pathogenic and non-pathogenic that interact with the immune system.

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Section: Immunoglobulins Of Teleost Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

B cells and their role in the teleost gut

Parra

Korytář

Takizawa

et al. 2016

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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“…Many placental mammals, such as human, cow, sheep, A remarkable feature of the placental IgH locus is the large copy number of Cc genes, which encode multiple IgG subclasses. The number of Cc genes is different in mammalian species, such as four in human [26], five in mouse [27], six in pig [28], seven in horse [29], three in cattle [30], one in rabbit [31], two in guinea pig [21] and nine in elephant [32]. In the Chinese hamster, three IgG subclasses are identified, and they share about 70% amino acid similarity in C H domains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Organization and Expression of Immunoglobulin Genes in the Chinese Hamster (Cricetulus griseus)

et al. 2014

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In science, the hamsters are widely used as a model for studying the human diseases because they display many features like humans. The utility of the Chinese hamster as a biology model can be further enhanced by further characterization of the genes encoding components of the immune system. Here, we report the genomic organization and expression of the Chinese hamster immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes. The Chinese hamster IgH locus contains 268 V H segments (132 potentially functional genes, 12 ORFs and 124 pseudogenes), 4 D H segments, 6 J H segments, four constant region genes (l, c, e and a) and one reverse d remnant fragment. The Igj locus contains only a single C j gene, 4 J j segments and 48 V j segments (15 potentially functional genes and 33 pseudogenes), whereas the Igk locus contains 4 C k genes, but only C k 3 and C k 4 each preceded by a J k gene segment. A total of 49 V k segments (39 potentially functional genes, 3 ORFs and 7 pseudogenes) were identified. Analysis of junctions of the recombined V(D)J transcripts reveals complex diversity in both expressed H and j sequences, but the microhomology-directed VJ recombination obviously results in very limited diversity in the Chinese hamster k gene despite more potential germline-encoded combinatorial diversity. This is the first study to make a comprehensive analysis of the Ig genes in the Chinese hamster, which provides insights into the Ig genes in placental mammals.

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“…If IgW is indeed orthologous to IgD, the isotype may just have been lost in birds [103] (for example duck and ostrich [104,105]) and in few mammalian species (e.g., elephant and opossum [106,107], overview in Figure 2). Bony fish contain many Tm and Sec IgD variants [108,109].…”

Section: Bony Fish Ighmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Immunoglobulins

Mashoof

Criscitiello

2016

Biology

173

116

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The B cell receptor and secreted antibody are at the nexus of humoral adaptive immunity. In this review, we summarize what is known of the immunoglobulin genes of jawed cartilaginous and bony fishes. We focus on what has been learned from genomic or cDNA sequence data, but where appropriate draw upon protein, immunization, affinity and structural studies. Work from major aquatic model organisms and less studied comparative species are both included to define what is the rule for an immunoglobulin isotype or taxonomic group and what exemplifies an exception.

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A Preliminary Analysis of the Immunoglobulin Genes in the African Elephant (Loxodonta africana)

Cited by 34 publications

References 80 publications

B cells and their role in the teleost gut

B cells and their role in the teleost gut

Genomic Organization and Expression of Immunoglobulin Genes in the Chinese Hamster (Cricetulus griseus)

Fish Immunoglobulins

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