A preliminary assessment of the potential environmental and human health impact of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine as a result of space activities

Toxic splash: Russian rocket stages dropped in Arctic waters raise health, environmental and legal concerns

“…Experts say additional studies are necessary to come to any definite conclusions (RIA Novosti, 2005). Carlsen et al (2007) reported that UDMH was found in the soil at more than 1,000 sites where used rocket stages had dropped more than 20 years previously, and that UDMH constitutes a substantial threat to both the environment and human health. Human health risks were attributed to the carcinogenic, mutagenic, convulsant, teratogenic, embryotoxic and other general toxic characteristics of UDMH.…”

“…This situation demands attention because the first two stages of Rockots are powered by unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), a highly toxic chemical that has caused widespread health and environmental damage in Kazakhstan and Russia (Fedorov, 1999;Giles, 2005;UNDP, 2004). Much of that damage has occurred because the residual fuel is often converted into a drifting aerosol as the integrity of the incoming rocket stages are compromised (Carlsen, Kenesova, & Batyrbekova, 2007).…”

Determination of Amino Acids on Wintertime PM_2.5 using HPLC-FLD

“…이와 같은 성 분은 강한 친수성으로 인해 대기 중 구름 응결핵으로 작용하고, 향후 기후변화에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되 며, 이에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다 (Smith et al, 2010;Facchini et al, 1999). 건강 위해성 측면에서는 심한 악 취와 함께 높은 독성 및 반응성이 강한 성분으로 알려 져 있고 (Greim et al, 1998), 1,1-dimethylhydrazine과 같은 성분은 높은 발암성 물질로 밝혀지기도 했다 (Carlsen et al, 2007). Technologies, USA)를 이용한 OPA 유도체화 방법을…”

Quantification of transformation products of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in aqueous extracts from soil based on vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction

“…Accidents during transportation or launches of rockets can result in a release of much greater amounts of the fuel [1]. UDMH released into the environment undergoes oxidative decomposition with formation of numerous transformation products (TPs), some of which possess carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties [1][2][3]. The most stable transformation products of UDMH are triazoles, nitrosoamines, pyrazoles, tetrazoles, imidazoles and pyrazines [4][5][6].…”

“…Every launch of space vehicles results in environmental pollution due to a landing of rocket parts containing residual fuel (<2 t) on soil and water surfaces. Accidents during transportation or launches of rockets can result in a release of much greater amounts of the fuel [1]. UDMH released into the environment undergoes oxidative decomposition with formation of numerous transformation products (TPs), some of which possess carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties [1][2][3].…”