“…Cutting down their nesting trees, habitat destruction, urbanisation, collection of eggs and chicks, hunting of adults, conversion of wetlands in to agricultural lands, fisheries and the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural land are threatening the survival of this species. Practise of poisoning pools to catch fishes also leads to incidental mortality of this species (Gyawali, 2004) Earlier records from Assam: Dibru-Saikhowa National Park (Choudhury, 1995;Saikia, 1995), Orang National Park (Saikia, 1995), Kaziranga National Park (Saikia, 1995;Bhattacharjee et al, 1996;Baruah, Sharma, 1999), Jengdia beel, Kamrup district (Saikia, 1995), Biswanath district (Choudhury, 2000, Kakati et al, 2021; Dum Duma-Dangori & Kumsong Reserve Forests (Saikia, 1995;Rahmani et al, 2016), Jamjing beel (Choudhury, 1992), Deepor beel (Saikia, Bhattacharjee, 1989), Nameri National Park (Choudhury, 1991), Majuli, Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Dikhoumukh, Nalbari, Pani Dihing, Chakrashilla Wildlife Sanctuary, Sareswar beel (Saikia, 1995), Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary (Kahl, 1971;Saikia, 1995), Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni Wildlife Sanctuary (Choudhury, 1995), Manas National Park (Rahmani et al, 1988;Saikia, 1995), Jhanjimuk-Kokilamukh, Jorhat (Mahanta et al, 2019), Behali Reserve Forest (Kakati et al, 2021) 2015). The total population is about fewer than 3300-8800 mature individuals (Birdlife International, 2022a) and is suspected to be declining at a rate of >30% over three generations as a result of extensive habitat loss due to deforestration, felling of nesting trees and destruction of wetlands (Maciorowski et al, 2014) and persistent persecution (Birdlife International, 2022a).…”