THE LAST TRIENNIUM has seen progress in all departments of intelligence testing. The reader can verify the vitality of the period by observing: the development of tests which incorporate new features or strike a new path; the determination of basic facts or interrelations; the closer quantification of knowledge, leading not merely to the addition of decimals, but sometimes to new questions or a new orientation (for example, determination of the correlation between intelligence and yearly learninggains) ; the clarification or solution of some technical issues in test construction; some new discoveries ot insights (e.g., the demonstration of a general-intelligence factor in adults, and the consequent elimination of "maturation" as an explanation of this factor at the younger ages) ; the use of samples which reveal greater insight into the problems at issue; and finally, the more adequate fulfilment of the scientific requirements of investigation. These advances are, of course, related inter se.As mentioned in the chairman's Introduction, the work of the military psychologists in the armed services will be covered by others in a separate issue of the REVIEW.
Test Construction
New TestsGroup tests-Tiffin and Lawshe (112) prepared two forms of a brief Adaptability Test (35 items, 15 minutes). Reliability, either by the splithalf or alternate forms procedure, was found to approach .90; data on validity were also presented. Another brief new test is the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness (111) (98 items, 20 minutes), consisting of arithmetical problems, definitions, number-series, and antonyms; separate L (Linguistic) and Q (Quantitative) scores are obtained. Norms are presented for grades nine thru twelve.Two nonlanguage tests were published: one by Pintner (92), the other by Penrose (90). The test by Pintner includes six subtests, and requires 50 minutes of working time; the test by Penrose includes only one type of problem (selecting the extraneous pattern of a series of five), and requires 30 minutes.The Word-Dexterity Test prepared by Peterson (91) is a test of knowledge of the meaning of prefixes and suffixes; impressively high figures were obtained for both reliability and validity. The test developed by Johnson (61) was based on Dewey's well-known analysis of the reflective process. Test items were constructed to represent in the elaboration of a 10
