A Preliminary Study of DSM–5 PTSD Symptom Patterns in Veterans by Trauma Type

Gender minority stress, sleep disturbance, and sexual victimization in transgender and gender nonconforming adults

“…Among cisgender populations, sexual assault victimization has been shown to be associated with increased sleep disturbances (e.g., nightmares, poor sleep quality, insomnia; Clum, Nishith, & Resick, 2001;Krakow et al, 2000). Sexual victimization has been shown to increase the odds of moderate to severe insomnia and sleep disturbances above other types of victimization (e.g., physical assault; Graham et al, 2016;Hall Brown, Akeeb, & Mellman, 2015). Subsequently, disturbances in sleep can create a variety of other health issues, including obesity, physical distress, chronic headaches, and increased risk for anxiety and depression (Alvaro, Roberts, & Harris, 2013;Ødegård et al, 2010;Strine & Chapman, 2005).…”

Empirically derived lifespan polytraumatization typologies: A systematic review

“…LCA/LPA consider the frequency and impact of all experienced traumas (Finkelhor et al, 2007), the cooccurrence of traumas which is relatively common (Finkelhor et al, 2007), and the cumulative effects of multiple types of traumas in influencing and/or exacerbating mental health outcomes (Higgins & McCabe, 2001;Layne, Briggs, & Courtois, 2014). Usually, it is not always clear if the mental health impact of multiple traumas is attributed to the increasing count of traumas (dose-response effect; Turner & LLoyd, 1995), and/or a particular combination of types of traumas (Graham et al, 2016;Scott-Storey, 2011;Smith, Summers, Dillon, & Cougle, 2016;Wanklyn et al, 2016). Although not designed to untangle interactive effects of traumatic experiences, person-centered approaches do account for the effects of both count and type in delineating and studying the relation of polytraumatization classes to health outcomes.…”

Identification of risk for posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters early after trauma

“…Although these risk factors appear crucial in predicting subsequent PTSD, understanding of their relationship with distinct PTSD symptom clusters under the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5; APA, 2013) remains limited. Evidence of variability in PTSD symptom presentation suggests that this could carry significant implications in the prediction and treatment of PTSD (Cloitre, 2015; Galatzer-Levy and Bryant, 2013; Graham et al, 2016). Importantly, these differing symptom presentations may play an important role in the maintenance of PTSD (Grupe et al, 2016).…”