A preliminary study of MMP-9 and sCD40L in patients with coronary slow flow

Abstract

Background: To explore the relationship between coronary slow flow (CSF) and both matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and soluble cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (sCD40L).Methods: Between July 2016 and September 2019, 80 patients suspected of having coronary heart disease due to chest tightness or other symptoms of chest pain and discomfort were admitted to Nanjing Jiangbei People's Hospital and, following a coronary angiography, were diagnosed as having CSF. These patients were assigned to the coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) group. The control group, or normal coronary flow (NCF) group, consisted of 80 patients with normal coronary angiography results. Following group assignment, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure and compare the serum levels of sCD40L and MMP-9 between the two groups.Results: Serum levels of sCD40L and MMP-9 in the CSFP group were significantly higher than those in the NCF group (P<0.05). Additionally, serum levels of adhesion molecules and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the CSFP group were significantly higher than those in NCF group (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation observed between sCD40L levels and adhesion molecule levels in the CSFP group, however, there was no such correlation observed in the NCF group. The CSFP group also had a significantly higher corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) compared with the NCF group (P<0.05).Conclusions: Serum MMP-9 levels were higher in patients with CSF, and MMP-9 levels were positively correlated with CTFC. This suggests that chronic inflammation may play a role in CSF pathogenesis and that atherosclerotic plaques may be present in the coronary arteries of CSF patients. Additionally, serum levels of sCD40L, adhesion molecules, and CRP were higher in CSF patients, and CRP levels were positively correlated with CTFC. Adhesion molecule expression is promoted by sCD40L. Increased levels of sCD40L may therefore promote the development of CSF.

Analysis of correlative factors of female coronary slow-flow phenomenon: A retrospective study

“…Plasma soluble adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers were significantly elevated in patients with CSFP, including CRP and interleukin-6, matrix metallopro-teinase-9, soluble CD40 ligand, and CRP to albumin ratio. [18,19] However, in our study there was no significant difference in CRP between the 2 groups. This may be due to the unique characteristics of females.…”

Elevated plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with coronary slow flow: A retrospective study

“…Studies have con rmed that in ammation is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases [29], and in ammatory responses have also been observed in CSF [1,7]. Plasma soluble adhesion molecules and in ammatory markers were found to be signi cantly elevated in CSF patients, including C-reactive protein [30], interleukin-6 [30], platelet to lymphocyte ratio [31], neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio [32], matrix metallopro-teinase-9 and soluble CD40 ligand [33], etc.…”

Coronary slow flow research: a bibliometric analysis

“…Tapar et al [ 29 ] found that CSF could be considered a subgroup of coronary artery diseases with increased intimal thickness in coronary arteries and extensive calcification. Some studies found that inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, in patients with CSF were significantly elevated compared with patients with normal coronary flow [ 30 , 31 ]. An in-depth study on the pathogenesis of CSF could provide better evidence for individualized prevention and treatment.…”