A preliminary study of the effect of PPAR- γ agonist from Myristica fragrans houtt seed extract  on the biogenesis of rat infant’s brain mitochondria  and D1 dopamine receptor

Veronica, Fifi; Lubis, Leo; Arifin, Samsul; Fitri, Lulu Lusianti; Rizal, Ardian; Ambrosius, P; Gunawan, Hanna; Lesmana, Ronny; Dandan, Keri Lestari; Supratman, Unang

doi:10.15562/bmj.v7i3.1027

Cited by 5 publications

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“…We observed a novel potential function of nutmeg extract to induce or at least preserve muscle mass in aging rat especially in soleus muscle (Figure 2), although having lower body weight (Figure 1(b)). We also found that nutmeg extract may induce food consumption in week 12 (Figure 1(a)); this could be dopamine 1 A stimulation which is responsible in appetite modulation [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutmeg Extract Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass in Aging Rats Partly via IGF1‐AKT‐mTOR Pathway and Inhibition of Autophagy

Pratiwi

Lesmana

Goenawan

et al. 2018

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The sarcopenic phenotype is characterized by a reduction of muscle mass, a shift in fiber-type distribution, and reduced satellite cell regeneration. Sarcopenia is still a major challenge to healthy aging. Traditional Indonesian societies in Sulawesi island have been using nutmeg for maintaining health condition during aging. Interestingly, nutmeg has been known to stimulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptors γ (PPARγ) which may contribute to myogenesis process in cardiac muscle. There is limited information about the role of nutmeg extract into physiological health benefit during aging especially myogenesis process in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we want to explore the potential effect of nutmeg in preserving skeletal muscle mass of aging rats. Aging rats, 80 weeks old, were divided into two groups (control and nutmeg). Nutmeg extract was administered for 12 weeks by gavaging. After treatment, rats were anaesthesized, then soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were collected, weighted, frozen using liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C until use. We observed phenomenon that nutmeg increased a little but significant food consumption on week 12, but significant decrease in body weight on weeks 10 and 12 unexpectedly increased significantly in soleus muscle weight (p<0.05). Nutmeg extract increased significantly gene expression of myogenic differentiation (MyoD), paired box 7 (Pax7), myogenin, myosin heavy chain I (MHC I), and insulin-like growth factor I (p<0.01) in soleus muscle. Furthermore, nutmeg increased serine/threonine kinase (AKT) protein levels and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), inhibited autophagy activity, and stimulated or at least preserved muscle mass during aging. Taken together, nutmeg extract may increase muscle mass or prevent decrease of muscle wasting in soleus muscle by partly stimulating myogenesis, regeneration process, and preserving muscle mass via IGF-AKT-mTOR pathway leading to inhibition of autophagy activity during aging. This finding may reveal the potential nutmeg benefits as alternative supplement for preserving skeletal muscle mass and preventing sarcopenia in elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutmeg Extract Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass in Aging Rats Partly via IGF1‐AKT‐mTOR Pathway and Inhibition of Autophagy

Pratiwi

Lesmana

Goenawan

et al. 2018

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…As nutmeg only had a partial effect as PPARα/γ agonist (Lestari et al., 2012), there is a possibility that its agonist effect or its binding to the receptor was not strong enough to increase UCP1 level significantly, but was enough to induce mitochondrial biogenesis (marked by the significant increase of PGC‐1α). Besides, in this study, we only used a single dose of nutmeg extract (the dose used in this study was based on previous studies (Pratiwi et al., 2018; Veronica et al., 2018)); thus, readjusting the dose could address more optimal browning processes. The role of nutmeg extract in inducing mitochondrial biogenesis in the rat's brain also has been reported (Veronica et al., 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, in this study, we only used a single dose of nutmeg extract (the dose used in this study was based on previous studies (Pratiwi et al., 2018; Veronica et al., 2018)); thus, readjusting the dose could address more optimal browning processes. The role of nutmeg extract in inducing mitochondrial biogenesis in the rat's brain also has been reported (Veronica et al., 2018). The significant increase of PGC‐1α protein level and histological changes showed that NuSE alters WAT characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies reported that nutmeg extract has potential effects against diabetes and dyslipidemia due to its role as a dual agonist of PPARα/γ, even though it has less effect compared with full agonists (Lestari et al., 2012, 2019). Another study also reported that administering nutmeg extract for 12 weeks upregulated Pgc‐1α expression in the rat's brain, indicating mitochondrial biogenesis stimulation (Veronica et al., 2018). A 2018 study also reported that nutmeg extract could decrease the body weight of old rats after 10 weeks of administration (Pratiwi et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Nutmeg extract potentially alters characteristics of white adipose tissue in rats

Lesmana

Siannoto

Nugraha

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a promising approach to obesity treatment. During browning, WAT transforms into beige adipose tissue through stimulation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Nutmeg, one of the Indonesian herbs, reportedly has dual roles as a PPARα/γ partial agonist. Even though nutmeg has been traditionally used in body weight reduction, there is limited information regarding the potential role of nutmeg in browning of WAT. Objectives In this study, we explored the effect of nutmeg seed extract (NuSE) as a potential inductor of WAT browning. Methods Twelve male Wistar rats, 5–6 weeks old, were divided into control and nutmeg groups. The rats in nutmeg group were given NuSE for 12 weeks by oral gavage. After 12 weeks, the rat's inguinal WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were collected, weighed and stored at − 80°C until use. Results We observed that even though NuSE did not reduce the final body weight, it significantly reduced body weight gain. NuSE also increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) significantly and tended to increase UCP2 and UCP1 levels. Furthermore, NuSE induced macroscopic and microscopic morphological changes of inguinal WAT, marked by significantly increased adipocyte numbers and decreased adipocyte size. Conclusions Even though NuSE did not increase UCP1 significantly, it potentially alters inguinal WAT characteristics and leads to browning through PGC‐1α and UCP3 induction. However, UCP3’s specific mechanism in WAT browning remains unclear. Our findings could contribute to obesity treatment in the future.

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“…Nutmeg exhibited anticonvulsant activity against maximum electroshock, pentylenetetrazol and lithium sulphate-pilocarpine nitrate treatment in rats (Sonavane et al, 2002). Recent research revealed that chronic dietary intake of Nutmeg seed enhanced bene icial, productive effect in the rat puppy's brain mitochondria, which is related with an increasing DA receptor (Veronica et al, 2018). Myristica fragrans kernel and seed extract have anti-oxidant, anti-in lammatory, and antiapoptotic properties against paracetamol and high-fat diet-induced experimental models of hepatotoxicity (Dkhil et al, 2019;Sethi and Dahiya, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatic spice Nutmeg attenuates memory deficits in Rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease

K¹,

Prabhu

Rajasankar

2020

ijrps

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PD is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with features such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and dementia. Neuropathologically, selective loss or death of dopaminergic neurons is the hallmark of PD. In PD, elevated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation were reported. Rotenone (an isoflavone obtained from Fabaceae associated vegetation such as the jicama vine plant) induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis in cell line and animal models. It was useful in the evaluation of neuroprotective properties on cell line and animal models of PD. Drugs with anti-oxidant potential helped to control the cellular stress, free radical formation, neurotransmitter level in PD animal models. Nutmeg, an aromatic spice exhibited memory enhancing, anti-oxidant, anticonvulsant properties. It is an excellent body detoxifier and stimulator of the brain due to the presence of pharmacologically active compounds such as eugenol, isoelemicin, isoeugenol, methoxyeugenol, myristic acid, myristicin, saponins and lignin. Macelignan (a compound present in nutmeg) having the low molecular weight and hydrophobic nature could pass beyond the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we explored the cognitive profile of rotenone-induced model of PD treated with MFSE extract (MFSE) by behavioural tests (Morris water maze test, T-maze test and Elevated plus maze Test). Rotenone was injected to male Wistar albino rats by intra-peritoneal route (2.5mg/kg daily) for 30days. MFSE treated rats showed significant improvement in cognition in rotenone-induced PD model. It might be due to its neuroprotective and anti-cholinesterase properties.

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A preliminary study of the effect of PPAR- γ agonist from Myristica fragrans houtt seed extract on the biogenesis of rat infant’s brain mitochondria and D1 dopamine receptor

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Nutmeg Extract Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass in Aging Rats Partly via IGF1‐AKT‐mTOR Pathway and Inhibition of Autophagy

Nutmeg Extract Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass in Aging Rats Partly via IGF1‐AKT‐mTOR Pathway and Inhibition of Autophagy

Nutmeg extract potentially alters characteristics of white adipose tissue in rats

Aromatic spice Nutmeg attenuates memory deficits in Rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease

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