A preliminary study of the dermal absorption of aluminium from antiperspirants using aluminium-26

Flarend, Richard; Tao, Bo; Elmore, D.; Hem, Stanley L.

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00118-6

Cited by 145 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The absorption of aluminum from the diet is reported to be between 0.01% and 0.04% (Greger et al, 1992). Transdermal absorption of aluminum has been reported after a single underarm application of Al hexahydrate, the absorption was found to be 0.012% of Al applied (Flarend et al, 2001). It has been reported that aluminum accumulates in all tissues of mammals such as the heart, liver, kidneys, blood, bones and brain (Al Kahtani, 2010) and it was found that one of the main organs targeted by Al exposure is the kidneys which play a major role in preventing accumulation of Al by excreting it throughout urine (Stoehr, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathologic Study on The Toxic Effect of Aluminium Chloride on the Heart, Liver and Kidneys of Rabbits

Saad¹,

Hassieb²,

Oda³

et al. 2018

AJVS

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Key words:aluminum chloride, rabbits, heart, liver, kidneys, Zenker's degenerationThe present study was designed to investigate the adverse effects of aluminum chloride hexahydrate on the heart, liver and kidneys of rabbits. Twenty-four apparently healthy male and female rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups. The two control groups male (n= 6) and female (n= 6) received subcutaneous injections of physiological saline. The other two Al-treated groups of male (n= 6) and female (n= 6) were given 2.5mg/kg B.W. S/C five times per week for 3 months. At the 6 th weeks and the 12 th weeks, three rabbits from each group were necropsied and tissues specimens from heart, liver and kidneys were collected and processed for the following histopathologic examination. The heart of both sexes of intoxicated rabbits showed congestion of blood vessels, interfibrillar edema, hemorrhage as well as Zenker's degeneration and necrosis of myocardium. The Liver showed periportal edema, mild fibroplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, adenomatous and papillary hyperplasia of bile ductules. The encountered lesions of the kidneys were in the form of vacuolations and necrosis of renal tubular epithelium, with intratubular necrotic cellular debris and hyaline casts. An additional lesion of severe interstitial nephritis was also seen in some areas. It was concluded that the adverse toxic effects of aluminum chloride were time-dependent manner on heart, kidneys and liver of of both sexes of rabbits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathologic Study on The Toxic Effect of Aluminium Chloride on the Heart, Liver and Kidneys of Rabbits

Saad¹,

Hassieb²,

Oda³

et al. 2018

AJVS

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“…Aluminium is absorbed through the human (Flarend et al, 2001;Guillard et al, 2004) and mouse (Anane et al, 1995(Anane et al, , 1997 skin, and it is conceivable that the daily application of antiperspirants, containing high concentrations of aluminium, Figure 5. AlCl 3 is not detectably mutagenic in bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In aqueous solutions at pH 7.0, both aluminium chloride and aluminium chlorohydrate yield aluminium hydroxide and they are absorbed through human and mouse skin (Flarend et al, 2001;Guillard et al, 2004;Anane et al, 1995Anane et al, , 1997. Transdermal uptake of aluminium contained in antiperspirants is not the only route by which this element accumulates in the body, aluminiumbased compounds being found in pharmaceuticals, food additives and various household products (Krewski et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminium chloride promotes anchorage‐independent growth in human mammary epithelial cells

Sappino

Buser

Lesne

et al. 2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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Aluminium salts used as antiperspirants have been incriminated as contributing to breast cancer incidence in Western societies. To date, very little or no epidemiological or experimental data confirm or infirm this hypothesis. We report here that in MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells, a well-established normal human mammary epithelial cell model, long-term exposure to aluminium chloride (AlCl 3 ) concentrations of 10-300 mM, i.e. up to 100 000-fold lower than those found in antiperspirants, and in the range of those recently measured in the human breast, results in loss of contact inhibition and anchorage-independent growth. These effects were preceded by an increase of DNA synthesis, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and senescence in proliferating cultures. AlCl 3 also induced DSBs and senescence in proliferating primary human mammary epithelial cells. In contrast, it had no similar effects on human keratinocytes or fibroblasts, and was not detectably mutagenic in bacteria. MCF-10A cells morphologically transformed by long-term exposure to AlCl 3 display strong upregulation of the p53/p21Waf1 pathway, a key mediator of growth arrest and senescence. These results suggest that aluminium is not generically mutagenic, but similar to an activated oncogene, it induces proliferation stress, DSBs and senescence in normal mammary epithelial cells; and that long-term exposure to AlCl 3 generates and selects for cells able to bypass p53/p21 Waf1 -mediated cellular senescence. Our observations do not formally identify aluminium as a breast carcinogen, but challenge the safety ascribed to its widespread use in underarm cosmetics.

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“…However, they cannot reach circulation (Boonen et al, 2011;Miquel-Jeanjean et al, 2012). Other ions, such as aluminum and potas-sium, were detected in blood or urine after topical application (Flarend et al, 2001;Shani et al, 1985). However, no systemic risk was attribut-ed to the use of potassium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no systemic risk was attribut-ed to the use of potassium. The aluminum applied was not harmful to health because, according to Flarend et al (2001), only 0.012% of alumi-num penetrates the skin; EMA (2010) recommend a maximum dose of Table 3 Both groups' initial and final moments median and interquartile deviation values of all studied variables using Wilcoxon test statistic (Z-value) and ρ value. 1.25 mg aluminum/person and only 14.53% of this was applied; JEFCA (2006)stipulated a weekly dose of 1 mg/kg and the amount applied in this study, twice a week, from a sample medium weight of 56.9 kg corresponds to 0.64% of this dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay body wrap with microcurrent: Effects in central adiposity

Melo

Moreira²,

Noites³

et al. 2013

Applied Clay Science

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Introduction: Increased fat mass is becoming more prevalent in women and its accumulation in the abdominal region can lead to numerous health risks such as diabetes mellitus. The clay body wrap using compounds such as green clay, green tea and magnesium sulfate, in addition to microcurrent, may reduce abdominal fat mass and minimize or prevent numerous health problems. Objective: This study aims at measuring the influence of the clay body wrap with microcurrent and aerobic exercise on abdominal fat. Methods: Nineteen female patients, randomized into intervention (n = 10) and control (n = 9) groups, were evaluated using ultrasound for visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat, calipers and abdominal region perimeter for subcutaneous fat and bioimpedance for weight, fat mass percentage and muscular mass. During 10 sessions (5 weeks, twice a week) both groups performed aerobic exercise in a cycloergometer and a clay body wrap with microcurrent was applied to the intervention group. Results: When comparing both groups after 5 weeks of protocol, there was a significant decrease in the subcutane-ous fat around left anterior superior iliac spine in the intervention group (ρ = 0.026 for a confidence interval 95%). When comparing initial and final abdominal fat in the intervention group, measured by ultrasound (subcutaneous and visceral fat) and by skinfold (subcutaneous fat), we detected a significant abdominal fat reduction. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the clay body wrap used with microcurrent and aerobic exercise can have a positive effect on central fat reduction.

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A preliminary study of the dermal absorption of aluminium from antiperspirants using aluminium-26

Cited by 145 publications

References 12 publications

Histopathologic Study on The Toxic Effect of Aluminium Chloride on the Heart, Liver and Kidneys of Rabbits

Histopathologic Study on The Toxic Effect of Aluminium Chloride on the Heart, Liver and Kidneys of Rabbits

Aluminium chloride promotes anchorage‐independent growth in human mammary epithelial cells

Clay body wrap with microcurrent: Effects in central adiposity

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