A preliminary study on activity budget, daily travel distance and feeding behaviour of long-tailed macaques and spectacled dusky leaf monkey in Bangi campus of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor

Ruslin, Farhani; Yaakop, Salmah; Zain, Badrul Munir Md.

doi:10.1063/1.4895285

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Seeds of at least six plant species were found in the lutung feces, which was more than that observed in the proboscis monkeys (three species) (Matsuda et al 2013), but less than that observed in the macaques in our study (>19 species). In sub-tropical and tropical regions, lutungs stay in a single tree for a long time (up to several hours) to feed and rest, and the number of daily feeding patches is smaller than those of the macaques that range over a wider area searching for scattered foods (Zhou et al 2009, Ruslin et al 2014, which would contribute to lower the seed diversity in the lutung feces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected seed dispersers: endozoochory by Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Indonesia

et al. 2017

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Leaf monkeys are known to be leaf eaters, and thus, their potential role as seed dispersers has been neglected. However, they do also feed on fruits. To examine the role of leaf monkeys as endozoochorous seed dispersers, we studied the Javan lutung (Trachypithecus auratus) in Indonesia. We compared multiple aspects of seed dispersal processes (amount and diversity of seeds ingested, dispersal distance, and germination rate) of lutungs with that of the sympatric long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Over the study period, 54 percent of the lutung feces contained intact seeds, which was equivalent to the macaque feces contained seeds (62%). Seeds of at least six plant species were detected in the lutung feces, which was less than those found in the macaque feces (>19 plant species). The main species of seeds defecated by both lutungs and macaques was Ficus spp. (seed size: 0.7 mm). Seed shadow, estimated from travel distance (range: 1–299 m) and gut passage rate (24–96 h), had a unimodal‐distribution with a peak at 51–100 m, and was shorter than that reported in published accounts of macaques and other similar and smaller sized frugivores. Finally, germination rates of Ficus spp. seeds ingested by both lutungs and macaques were lower than that of the control seeds. These results imply that the dispersal effectiveness of lutungs would be lower than that of the sympatric primate frugivores. However, at a population level, lutungs could play a significant role as seed dispersers for the small‐seeded species, and therefore, more research into their frugivorous habits is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected seed dispersers: endozoochory by Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Indonesia

et al. 2017

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“…The result correlates with the large menu of N. larvatus of 188 species of plants in their diets that take time for fermentation and digestion (Matsuda et al, 2009 effects on the primates. Cercopithecine longtailed macaque, Macaca fascicularis does alter its behaviour to disturbed habitat in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia, but less likely for sympatric dusky leaf monkey, Trachypithecus obscurus (Ruslin et al, 2014). It was found that the M. fascicularis spent longer time feeding and moving than resting and other activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The daily activity budget can help conservation efforts by giving an insight of temporal and spatial distribution of resources necessary for the animal to survive under threat of habitat loss and degradation (McCain & King, 2014). The method for recording daily activities was established by Altman (1974) for studying animal behaviour and had been followed systematically for many animal behavioural studies (Altman, 1974;Matsuda et al, 2009;Long et al 2010;Ruslin et al, 2014;Sha et al, 2018;Ruslin et al, 2019). The basic daily activities recorded are usually clustered into resting, feeding, moving, and others (Ruslin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method for recording daily activities was established by Altman (1974) for studying animal behaviour and had been followed systematically for many animal behavioural studies (Altman, 1974;Matsuda et al, 2009;Long et al 2010;Ruslin et al, 2014;Sha et al, 2018;Ruslin et al, 2019). The basic daily activities recorded are usually clustered into resting, feeding, moving, and others (Ruslin et al, 2014). Other behaviours are also recorded such as grooming, playing, vocalisation, mating, and fighting (Hambali et al, 2012;Siti-Kauthar et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, T. obscurus spent much time in feeding and resting than moving. The leaf monkey was seen to fully utilise the natural habitat rather than longtailed macaques, which forage in neighbouring residential colleges (Ruslin et al, 2014). A study on the same species, T. obscurus in Penang Botanical Garden, a recreational park, resulted on daily activity budget dominated by feeding (40.02%), resting (23.96%), moving (22.51%), autogrooming (6.52%), vocalisation (3.89%), allogrooming (1.33%), allomothering (0.97%), and playing (0.80%) (Md-Zain & Ch'ng, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DAILY ACTIVITY BUDGET OF BANDED LANGUR (Presbytis femoralis) IN MALAYSIA

Najmuddin¹,

Haris²,

Norazlimi³

et al. 2020

J. Sustain. Sci. Manage.

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Banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) is an endangered leaf-eating colobine, found in Johor and Pahang in Malaysia. However, with less than 500 individuals reported to be surviving in Johor, their behaviour and ecology remain unknown among primatologists. This study provides the first systematic data on the daily activity budget of the species in Malaysia. Scan sampling technique was used to observe and record P. femoralis behaviour with 10 min interval starting from February 2018 to November 2018. The results are based on 186 h and 20 min of direct observation in the wild. The animals spent most of the time for resting (43 ± 13%) followed by moving (26 ± 9%), feeding (26 ± 7%), social activities (4 ± 3%), and others (1 ± 0%). Seasonality significantly influences the activity budget of the animals resulting in increased resting and moving in the non-fruiting season. Feeding activities decreased in the non-fruiting season compared with the fruiting season, whereas social activities remained the same. We concluded that the daily activity budget of P. femoralis in this study portrays comparable behavior to other langurs in Malaysia that would help in conservation and management of the species in terms of understanding temporal and spatial requirements of P. femoralis in a highly fragmented habitat.

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Transforming ranging behaviour of Schlegel’s Banded Langur (Presbytis neglectus) into PrimaTourism product

Abdul-Latiff

Najmuddin

Haneef

et al. 2019

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Schlegel’s Banded Langur (Presbytis neglectus) are understudied species of leaf-monkey which are distributed in Johor, Malaysia and Singapore. The alternative conservation measures that we propose is highlighting this species as nature tourism product to ensure the sustainability of this highly fragmented species. PrimaTourism is a term referring to primate-based tourism has served the conservation of primate in various country and species worldwide. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the ranging behaviour of Schlegel’s Banded Langur and evaluate its potential for PrimaTourism programme. Kampung Johor Lama, Kota Tinggi has been identified as the study site to pursue this endeavor, in which two groups of P. neglectus, group 1 called “Dara” consists of 4 adults and group 2 called “Puteh” consists of 12 individuals of adults, sub-adults and juveniles are targeted for focal observation. Five checkpoints have been successfully identified throughout 2637 minutes of observation with group 1 spent the longest time in Check Point B for 707 minutes and group 2 spent the longest time in the Check Point A for 420 minutes. Checkpoint A was the most frequented by P. neglectus clocking total time for both groups at 1015 minutes. The results indicate reliable sighting in checkpoint A and B for possible PrimaTourism product development. Good sighting, safe distance from the primate, endemism, rarity, attractive behaviour and morphology fulfil the criteria of nature tourism product for the species in Kampung Johor Lama.

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A preliminary study on activity budget, daily travel distance and feeding behaviour of long-tailed macaques and spectacled dusky leaf monkey in Bangi campus of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Neglected seed dispersers: endozoochory by Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Indonesia

Neglected seed dispersers: endozoochory by Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Indonesia

DAILY ACTIVITY BUDGET OF BANDED LANGUR (Presbytis femoralis) IN MALAYSIA

Transforming ranging behaviour of Schlegel’s Banded Langur (Presbytis neglectus) into PrimaTourism product

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