A Preliminary Survey of British Deer for Antibody to Some Virus Diseases of Farm Animals

Serological Survey for Potential Disease Agents of Free-ranging Cervids in Six Selected National Parks from Germany

“…Transmission of BHV-1 from cattle that are in close proximity to these parks is one possible explanation. This supposition is supported by the work of Lawman et al (1978) who detected BHV-1 positive reactions in red deer, particularly in areas where BHV-1 was prevalent in cattle. These findings show the apparent susceptibility of deer to BHV-1 and highlight the possible risk of ''spill over'' between domestic and wild species.…”

Absence of Antibodies to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Free-ranging Roe Deer from Selected Areas of Germany (2001-2002)

“…During FMD outbreaks in the last six decades, ''spillover'' from infected livestock to free-ranging deer or ''spillback'' has not been reported (Hess, 1967;Kubin, 1972;Anonymous, 1982). Between 1961 and1973, deer from the UK were examined for antibodies against FMDV serotypes O, A, and C, but seropositive animals were not detected (Lawman et al, 1978). To date, there is no evidence that wild deer have played an important role in the epidemiology of epidemic FMD in western Europe (Nevermann, 1914;Bartels and Claassen, 1936;Waldmann and Hirschfelder, 1938;Gibbs et al, 1975;Wilesmith, 2001).…”

Evidence of Herpesvirus Infection in Woodland Caribou in Saskatchewan

“…data, cited in Dieterich, 1981). In other cervids, antibodies to BVDV have been reported in moose in southeastern Alberta (Thorsen and Henderson, 1971), elk in southwestern Alberta (Kingscote et al, 1987) and, in Britain, fallow deer, red deer, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and sika deer (Cervus nippon) (Lawman et al, 1978).…”