A Prematuridade Associada a Fatores Neurológicos: Uma Revisão Integrativa De Literatura

Abstract

The risk factors associated with prematurity include a series of significant neurological complications, including periventricular leukomalacia, encephalopathy of prematurity, seizures, intraventricular hemorrhage and cerebellar lesions. Periventricular leukomalacia is characterized by necrosis of the cerebral white matter near the lateral ventricles and is strongly associated with motor and cognitive deficits. Encephalopathy of prematurity refers to a variety of brain lesions resulting from the immaturity and vulnerability of the premature brain, impacting long-term neurological development. Seizures in premature newborns are often indicative of significant brain insults and can lead to permanent neurological damage. Intraventricular hemorrhage, a condition in which bleeding occurs within the ventricles of the brain, is associated with an increased risk of developing hydrocephalus and permanent brain damage. Finally, cerebellar lesions, which affect the cerebellum, impair motor coordination and balance, contributing to difficulties in motor and cognitive development. These risk factors highlight the need for early interventions and intensive care strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of prematurity on children's neurological development. Therefore, the aim of this study is to condense and understand the neurological factors involved in prematurity in the Brazilian context.