A Preterm Rat Model for Immunonutritional Studies

Grases-Pintó, Blanca; Torres-Castro, Paulina; Abril-Gil, Mar; Castellote, Cristina; Rodríguez-Lagunas, Maria J.; Pérez-Cano, Francisco J.; Franch, Àngels

doi:10.3390/nu11050999

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…To obtain premature pups in P, P+Leptin, and P+EGF groups, a C-section at G21 was required. The procedure was based on the methodology described previously [24]. Dams, anesthetized with isofluoran inhalation, were immediately sacrificed by cervical dislocation, in order to avoid pups being affected by the administration of a longer exposure to anesthesia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leptin and EGF Supplementation Enhance the Immune System Maturation in Preterm Suckling Rats

et al. 2019

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In preterm newborns the immaturity of the immune system is remarkable, with reduced innate and adaptive immune responses. Many bioactive compounds in breast milk, such as growth factors and adipokines, contribute to the immune system’s maturation in early life. However, studies on the immunoregulatory activity in preterm neonates are practically nonexistent. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a nutritional supplementation in early life with leptin or epidermal growth factor (EGF) was able to promote the maturation of the systemic and intestinal immune system in preterm conditions. For this purpose, premature rats were daily supplemented by oral gavage with leptin or EGF. Term and Preterm groups receiving vehicle were used as controls. Preterm rats showed deficiencies compared to full-term ones, such as lower body weights, erythrocyte counts, plasma IgG and IgM concentrations and B cell percentages, and higher values of Th and Tc TCRαβ+ cells in mesenteric lymph nodes, and intestinal permeability, among others. However, leptin and EGF supplementation were able to revert some of these deficiencies and to improve the premature immune system’s development. These results suggest that leptin and EGF are involved in enhancing the maturation of the systemic and intestinal immune system in preterm conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of supplementation with leptin and EGF on the immune systems of premature suckling rats. Specifically, we focused the study on evaluating the effects of leptin and EGF on different variables of innate and adaptive immunity affected by premature delivery [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin and EGF Supplementation Enhance the Immune System Maturation in Preterm Suckling Rats

et al. 2019

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“…On day 10 -in the middle of the suckling period-, the functionality of the intestinal epithelial barrier was assessed on 3 rats of each litter ( n = 12/group) by an in vivo permeability assay, as previously described (22). Briefly, a solution of 4 kDa-dextran conjugated to FITC (Sigma-Aldrich) was orally administered to rats using low-capacity syringes adapted to oral gavage tubes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Leptin and Adiponectin Supplementation on Intraepithelial Lymphocyte and Microbiota Composition in Suckling Rats

et al. 2019

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Dietary components in early life play a role in both microbiota and intestinal immune system maturation in mammalian species. Adipokines, as endogenously produced hormones from breast milk, may have an impact on this process. The aim of the present study was to establish the influence of leptin and adiponectin supplementation during suckling on the intraepithelial lymphocyte composition, intestinal barrier function, intestinal gene expression, and gut microbiota in rat. For this purpose, newborn Wistar rats were supplemented daily with leptin, adiponectin, or whey protein concentrate during the first 21 days of life. Lymphocyte composition was established by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis; intestinal gene expression by real-time PCR and cecal microbiota were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although leptin and adiponectin were able to increase the Tc TCRαβ+ and NKT cell proportion, they decreased the NK cell percentage in IEL. Moreover, adipokine supplementation differentially modified CD8+ IEL. While the supplementation of leptin increased the proportion of CD8αα+ IEL (associated to a more intestinal phenotype), adiponectin enhanced that of CD8αβ+ (related to a peripheral phenotype). Furthermore, both adipokines enhanced the gene expression of TNF-α, MUC-2, and MUC-3, and decreased that of FcRn. In addition, the adipokine supplementations decreased the abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum and the presence of Blautia. Moreover, leptin-supplemented animals had lower relative abundance of Sutterella and a higher proportion of Clostridium genus, among others. However, supplementation with adiponectin resulted in lower abundance of the Roseburia genus and a higher proportion of the Enterococcus genus. In conclusion, the supplementation with leptin and adiponectin throughout the suckling period had an impact on both the IEL composition and the gut microbiota pattern, suggesting a modulatory role of these adipokines on the development of intestinal functionality.

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“…The phagocytic activity of blood monocytes and granulocytes of dams was determined with Phagotest TM (Glycotope Biotechnology GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany), according to the manufacturer's instructions and as previously described [55]. Briefly, heparinized blood was mixed and incubated at 37 • C with Escherichia coli opsonized with antibodies conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC).…”

Section: Phagocytic Activity Of Blood Monocytes and Granulocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 Supplementation in Rats during Pregnancy and Lactation Impacts Maternal and Offspring Lipid Profile, Immune System and Microbiota

Azagra-Boronat

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Massot-Cladera

et al. 2020

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Probiotics have shown potential for their use in early life. This study aimed to investigate whether the administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 during pregnancy and lactation periods impacts maternal and offspring plasma lipid profile, immune system and microbiota. Rats were supplemented with the probiotic during gestation and two weeks of lactation. After supplementation, although the microbiota composition was not affected, the probiotic strain was detected in all cecal contents of dams and in some of their pups. Dams showed reduced proportion of T cytotoxic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes, modulation of intestinal cytokines (IL-10 and IL-12) and changes in plasma fatty acids (20:0, 22:0, 20:5 n-3, and 18:3 n-6). Pups showed changes in immunoglobulins (intestinal IgA and plasmatic IgG2a and IgG2c) and fatty acid profile (17:0, 22:0, and 18:2 n-6). Overall, Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 supplementation contributed to beneficially modulating the immune system of the mother and its offspring.

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A Preterm Rat Model for Immunonutritional Studies

Cited by 16 publications

References 67 publications

Leptin and EGF Supplementation Enhance the Immune System Maturation in Preterm Suckling Rats

Leptin and EGF Supplementation Enhance the Immune System Maturation in Preterm Suckling Rats

Influence of Leptin and Adiponectin Supplementation on Intraepithelial Lymphocyte and Microbiota Composition in Suckling Rats

Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 Supplementation in Rats during Pregnancy and Lactation Impacts Maternal and Offspring Lipid Profile, Immune System and Microbiota

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