A Price-Based Demand Response Scheme for Discrete Manufacturing in Smart Grids

Abstract

Demand response (DR) is a key technique in smart grid (SG) technologies for reducing energy costs and maintaining the stability of electrical grids. Since manufacturing is one of the major consumers of electrical energy, implementing DR in factory energy management systems (FEMSs) provides an effective way to manage energy in manufacturing processes. Although previous studies have investigated DR applications in process manufacturing, they were not conducted for discrete manufacturing. In this study, the state-task network (STN) model is implemented to represent a discrete manufacturing system. On this basis, a DR scheme with a specific DR algorithm is applied to a typical discrete manufacturing-automobile manufacturing-and operational scenarios are established for the stamping process of the automobile production line. The DR scheme determines the optimal operating points for the stamping process using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). The results show that parts of the electricity demand can be shifted from peak to off-peak periods, reducing a significant overall energy costs without degrading production processes.

A Peak Demand Control Algorithm for Multiple Controllable Loads in Industrial Processes

“…To increase functionality and applicability to the single-load algorithm, a simple but effective approach is proposed here for scenarios in which there is the possibility to disconnect several electric loads without affecting the overall production process (examples of these loads were described previously). Figure 3 shows a disconnection sequence for multiple controllable loads in which the calculations of the disconnection times for each controllable load (t 1 to t n ) can be done considering the sum of the demand rate of change of every controllable load (m 1 to m n ) that is turned on at each t i time, see ( 9), ( 10), ( 11) and (12). After the first load is disconnected:…”

“…for t (n−1) ≤ t k < t n (12) If all the intervals between the disconnection times are set to be equal (t c ), this is:…”

User-Aware Electricity Price Optimization for the Competitive Market

“…We used optimization models for the definition of energy prices and provider tariffs: a survey on demand response pricing methods and optimization algorithms is presented in [9]. Optimization approaches to define dynamic prices have been proposed in [10][11][12][13]. All such works focus on the definition of day-ahead prices for a period of 24 h and for a single customer (or a single group of homogeneous customers).…”

Production Line Optimization to Minimize Energy Cost and Participate in Demand Response Events

“…The scheduling of tasks in a production line is not a straightforward problem and, therefore, proposed solutions can be found in the literature [9][10][11][12][13]. Some solutions use artificial intelligence considering multiple restrictions [14,15].…”