A primary standard source of radon-222 based on the HPGe detector

Mostafa, Mostafa; Vasyanovich, M. E.; Zhukovsky, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.12.012

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Radon concentration measurements in Ekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, and Nizhny Novgorod were carried out using solid-state nuclear track detectors RSKS type provided by Radosys [49]. To support the quality of measurements, RSKS detectors were calibrated both by the producer and within the framework of internal laboratory control of the Institute of Industrial Ecology using a system similar to that described by Mostafa et al [50] placing RSKS detectors in a radon chamber with AlphaGuard PQ2000Pro. The detection limit for RSKS detectors for three-months exposure is defined as 5 Bq/m 3 .…”

Section: Available Data On Radon Temporal Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation of Radon Concentrations in Russian Residential High-Rise Buildings

et al. 2021

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Assessment of the annual radon concentration is often required in indoor radon surveys of territories and individual dwellings for comparison with reference levels, studying factors affecting radon accumulation in dwellings, assessment of exposure in epidemiological studies, etc. The indoor radon surveys were carried out in multistorey buildings in eight Russian cities using solid state nuclear track detectors with an exposure period of three months. For these surveys, the estimation of annual indoor radon concentration was required to compare radon levels in buildings of high- and low-energy-efficiency classes located in different cities. To develop approaches to seasonal normalization in high-rise buildings, long-term one-hour radon concentration series obtained applying radon-monitors in 20 flats were analyzed. The dependency of indoor radon concentration on the indoor–outdoor temperature difference was studied taking into account the known natural, technogenic and anthropogenic factors affecting radon levels. The developed model of seasonal variations in multistorey buildings includes winter, summer, and demi-season periods, which differ both in ventilation intensity and dependency of radon concentration on the temperature difference. The developed model allows to estimate annual radon concentration taking into account the actual distribution of outdoor temperatures during the exposure of the track detectors.

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Section: Available Data On Radon Temporal Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation of Radon Concentrations in Russian Residential High-Rise Buildings

et al. 2021

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“…The detector effi ciency is 15% for Pu-239 line with 20% uncertainty. For each screen of diffusion battery, plate of impactor, and backup fi lter used, the effi ciency was comparable with that using standard high-purity germanium detector [26,27]. Therefore, the absolute alpha activity on the wire screen or the cascade impactor plate can be easy calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of electronic cigarette (EC) aerosols on particle size distribution in indoor air and in a radon chamber

2019

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Particle size distribution is an important factor governing whether aerosols can be deposited in various respiratory tract regions in humans. Recently, electronic cigarette (EC), as the alternative of tobacco cigarette, has become increasingly popular all over the world. However, emissions from ECs may contribute to both indoor and outdoor air pollution; moreover, comments about their safety remain controversial, and the number of users is increasing rapidly. In this investigation, aerosols were generated from ECs and studied in the indoor air and in a chamber under controlled conditions of radon concentration. The generated aerosols were characterized in terms of particle number concentrations, size, and activity distributions by using aerosol diffusion spectrometer (ADS), diffusion battery, and cascade impactor. The range of ADS assessment was from 10−3 μm to 10 μm. The number concentration of the injected aerosol particles was between 40 000 and 100 000 particles/cm3. The distribution of these particles was the most within the ultrafine particle size range (0–0.2 μm), and the other particle were in the size range from 0.3 μm to 1 μm. The surface area distribution and the mass size distribution are presented and compared with bimodal distribution. In the radon chamber, all distributions were clearly bimodal, as the free radon decay product was approximately 1 nm in diameter, with a fraction of ~0.7 for a clean chamber (without any additional source of aerosols). The attached fraction with the aerosol particles from the ECs had a size not exceeding 1.0 μm.

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“…1). It is worth mentioning that extensive technical properties of used HPGe spectrometer can be obtained from literature, elsewhere [18]. Exemplary gamma-ray spectrometric sources (OSGI) have been used to calibrate detector registration efficiency, which certified at VNIIM (St. Petersburg).…”

Section: Gamma Attenuation Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation attenuation properties of TiO2–Na2O–Bi2O3–B2O3 glasses

Abouhaswa

Zakaly

Issa

et al. 2021

Ceramics International

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A series of bismo-borate (50-x)B 2 O 3 -xTiO 2 -15Na 2 O-30Bi 2 O 3 glass samples (where x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt %) doped with TiO 2 were fabricated via the melt-quenching technique. The gamma and neutron shielding, physical, optical, and mechanical properties of the prepared samples were investigated. The experimental results were measured using an HPGe detector. 152 Eu, 133 Ba, 137 Cs, and 60 Co radioactive sources were used with energies in the range of 81-1408 keV. The experimental results were compared with both the FLUKA code and the XCOM database. The addition of TiO 2 increased the density of the glass samples and decreased their molar volume. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) decreased as photon energy decreased, while it increased as TiO 2 concentration increased. The half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) of the glass samples increased when the photon energy increased and decreased as the TiO2 concentration increased. The absorbance of the present samples is enhanced by using TiO 2 , meaning they can be used to protect humans from UV light. Both direct and indirect band gaps decreased as TiO 2 content increased from 0 to 10 wt %. Moreover, the electronic transition between localized states is valid in the present samples. The radiation shielding, optical, physical, and mechanical properties of the fabricated glass samples demonstrate their utility for diagnostic gamma shielding.

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A primary standard source of radon-222 based on the HPGe detector

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Seasonal Variation of Radon Concentrations in Russian Residential High-Rise Buildings

Seasonal Variation of Radon Concentrations in Russian Residential High-Rise Buildings

Effect of electronic cigarette (EC) aerosols on particle size distribution in indoor air and in a radon chamber

Synthesis, physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation attenuation properties of TiO2–Na2O–Bi2O3–B2O3 glasses

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