A primate model for age related macular drusen.

Hope, G. M.; Dawson, William W.; Engel, Harry M.; Ulshafer, Robert J.; Kessler, Matthew J.; Sherwood, Mark B.

doi:10.1136/bjo.76.1.11

Cited by 61 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thus the monkey model is extremely important for understanding the mechanisms and etiology underlying macular degenerative diseases in humans [15,16]. We have reported a monkey model, which manifested early onset macular degeneration [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning of ELOVL4 Gene from Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

et al. 2003

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ELOVL4, elongation factor of very long chain fatty acids-4, is known to be responsible for autosomal dominant macular degeneration and Stargardt-like macular degeneration. In this study, we cloned the monkey homologue of ELOVL4 and determined the cellular and tissue distribution of the gene product. Sequence analysis of the monkey ELOVL4 gene revealed a high degree of homology between human and monkey. The cloned full-length cDNA of monkey ELOVL4 encoded 314 amino acids, the same length as human and two amino acids longer than mouse. The monkey ELOVL4 conserved the characteristics typical of the super family of ELO enzymes involved in the metabolism of membrane-bound fatty acid elongation. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that the monkey ELOVL4 gene was highly expressed in restricted tissue-specific fashion, not only in the retina but also in the skin (90% of retina) and thymus (111% of retina). Immunohistochemical analysis detected signals predominantly in the photoreceptor layer of the monkey retina.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning of ELOVL4 Gene from Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

et al. 2003

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“…Among mammals, only some primates have a fovea. Several reports describe drusen formation and AMD-like features in nonhuman primates (80)(81)(82). The species most intensely studied is Macaca fascicularis (73)(74)(75)(76).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Amd Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Animal Models for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Hollyfield

Kuttner-Kondo

2009

Neuromethods

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has a number of characteristic features including late onset and accumulation of deposits (drusen) below the retinal pigment epithelium on Bruch's membrane in the macula. A progressive increase in these deposits (in some individuals) leads to macular blindness, following either the local loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (geographic atrophy) or the hemorrhage of new blood vessels that originate in the choroid and invade the compartment between the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (choroidal neovascularization). Over the last few years a number of mouse models for AMD have been described that replicate some of the changes manifest in the human disease. This chapter begins with a description of the hallmarks of AMD, discusses some of the ideas about the underlying mechanisms and then summarizes the features of AMD found in experimental animals that are purported to model this disorder.Key words: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Drusen, Bruch's membrane, Geographic atrophy, Choroidal neovascularization, AMD animal model Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) constitutes a major cause of legal blindness in the elderly population of developed countries. Millions of individuals over 55 years of age are blind from AMD in Europe and North America with over 300,000 new AMD cases presenting annually (1, 2). In some individuals, in addition to the normal age-related thickening of Bruch's membrane, focal accumulation of debris on Bruch's membrane causes nodular elevations of the RPE that are recognized in an eye exam as drusen (3-5). Clinicians have long recognized that the presence of drusen in the macula, their size, density, and the area encompassed by these deposits represent early stages in the AMD disease process. While the initial drusen deposits are not associated with 1. Age-related macular degeneration: The Human Condition

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“…To overcome these problems, we selected non-human primate eyes of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). The retina and visual system of macaque monkeys are quite similar to those of humans [14,29], and monkeys with characteristics of macular diseases have been reported by many investigators [9,16,19,25,39,40] as well as our previous studies [26,27,[44][45][46][47]. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify proteins present at high levels in the macula to better understand the biology of this unique tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Proteomic Analyses of Macular and Peripheral Retina of Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

et al. 2010

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Abstract:The central region of the primate retina is called the macula. The fovea is located at the center of the macula, where the photoreceptors are concentrated to create a neural network adapted for high visual acuity. Damage to the fovea, e.g., by macular dystrophies and age-related macular degeneration, can reduce central visual acuity. The molecular mechanisms leading to these diseases are most likely dependent on the proteins in the macula which differ from those in the peripheral retina in expression level. To investigate whether the distribution of proteins in the macula is different from the peripheral retina, proteomic analyses of tissues from these two regions of cynomolgus monkeys were compared. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry identified 26 proteins that were present only in the macular gel spots. The expression levels of five proteins, cone photoreceptor specific arrestin-C, g-synuclein, epidermal fatty acid binding protein, tropomyosin 1α chain, and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1, were significantly higher in the macula than in the peripheral retina. Immunostaining of macula sections by antibodies to each identified protein revealed unique localization in the retina, retinal pigment epithelial cells and the choroidal layer. Some of these proteins were located in cells with higher densities in the macula. We suggest that it will be important to study these proteins to determine their contribution to the pathogenesis and progression of macula diseases.

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A primate model for age related macular drusen.

Cited by 61 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular Cloning of ELOVL4 Gene from Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

Molecular Cloning of ELOVL4 Gene from Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

Animal Models for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Comparative Proteomic Analyses of Macular and Peripheral Retina of Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

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