A primer on in vivo cell tracking using MRI

Cheng, Hai‐Ling Margaret

doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1193459

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…With the advantages of no ionizing radiation burden, high spatial resolution and unlimited tissue penetration (Cheng, 2023 ), MRI has been used to image bacteria that target tumours. Some bacteria have special protein structures that allow them to bind to metal ions and form magnetic particles that respond to magnetic fields.…”

Section: Bacteria Imaging In Tumour Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial imaging in tumour diagnosis

Chu,

Yu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Microbial Biotechnology

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Some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), have an inherent ability to locate solid tumours, making them a versatile platform that can be combined with other tools to improve the tumour diagnosis and treatment. In anti‐cancer therapy, bacteria function by carrying drugs directly or expressing exogenous therapeutic genes. The application of bacterial imaging in tumour diagnosis, a novel and promising research area, can indeed provide dynamic and real‐time monitoring in both pre‐treatment assessment and post‐treatment detection. Different imaging techniques, including optical technology, acoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine imaging, allow us to observe and track tumour‐associated bacteria. Optical imaging, including bioluminescence and fluorescence, provides high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution imaging. Acoustic imaging is a real‐time and non‐invasive imaging technique with good penetration depth and spatial resolution. MRI provides high spatial resolution and radiation‐free imaging. Nuclear medicine imaging, including positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can provide information on the distribution and dynamics of bacterial population. Moreover, strategies of synthetic biology modification and nanomaterial engineering modification can improve the viability and localization ability of bacteria while maintaining their autonomy and vitality, thus aiding the visualization of gut bacteria. However, there are some challenges, such as the relatively low bacterial abundance and heterogeneously distribution within the tumour, the high dimensionality of spatial datasets and the limitations of imaging labeling tools. In summary, with the continuous development of imaging technology and nanotechnology, it is expected to further make in‐depth study on tumour‐associated bacteria and develop new bacterial imaging methods for tumour diagnosis.

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Section: Bacteria Imaging In Tumour Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial imaging in tumour diagnosis

Chu,

Yu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…However, two problems have plagued iron oxide-based MRI-based cell tracking since its inception: 1) the T2/T2*-weighted dark contrast obscures the underlying anatomy, making quantification of cell number difficult, and 2) the iron oxide nanoparticles can still create MRI contrast even if the original labeled cell is long dead. Bright contrast methods have been sparingly used for MRI-based cell tracking (excellent review in 4 ) employing Gd-chelates and Mn 2+ , accumulated intracellularly by disruptive (photoporation, transfection, etc) methods or by simple incubation, respectively. Further, 19 F agents have been used for MRI-based cell tracking 5 .…”

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confidence: 99%

MRI-based cell tracking of OATP-expressing cell transplants by pre-labeling with Gd-EOB-DTPA

Bhattacharyya

Mallett

Shapiro

2023

Preprint

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MRI-based cell tracking can play a key role in clinical cell therapies and is most useful when the high-resolution and spatial discrimination capabilities of MRI are used for determining the precise locations of transplanted cells. Traditionally, iron oxide nanoparticles are used for magnetic cell labeling with detection of labeled cells via T2/T2*-weighted MRI, however, the dark contrast obscures the underlying anatomy, and making quantification of cell number difficult. Bright contrast methods have been sparingly used for MRI-based cell tracking employing Gd-chelates and Mn2+, accumulated intracellularly by disruptive (photoporation, transfection, etc) methods or by simple incubation, respectively. Further, 19F agents have been used for MRI-based cell tracking. Yet, MRI-based cell tracking has not made significant clinical impact, partly due to the complications of cell labeling and detection. Hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) transport off-the-shelf, FDA-approved, hepatospecific Gd-based MRI contrast agents into cells that express the transporters, the intracellular accumulation of which cells causes signal enhancement on clinically familiar T1-weighted MRI. We show that OATP-expressing cells can be pre-labeled with Gd-EOB-DTPA prior to injection affording the use of clinically familiar T1-weighted MRI to robustly detect cell transplants. This straightforward approach to labeling and MRI detection may facilitate the incorporation of MRI-based cell tracking in clinical trials and cell therapies.

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The careful selection of zwitterionic nanoparticle coating results in rapid and efficient cell labeling for imaging‐based cell tracking

Calvert,

Yu,

Sehl

et al. 2024

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The increased clinical application of cell‐based therapies has resulted in a parallel increase in the need for non‐invasive imaging‐based approaches for cell tracking, often through labeling with nanoparticles. An ideal nanoparticle for such applications must be biologically compatible as well as readily internalized by cells to ensure adequate and stable cell loading. Surface coatings have been used to make nanoparticle trackers suitable for these purposes, but those currently employed tend to have cytotoxic effects. Zwitterionic ligands are known to be biocompatible and antifouling; however, head‐to‐head evaluation of specific zwitterionic ligands for cell loading has not yet been explored. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) detects superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) using time‐varying magnetic fields. Because MPI can produce high‐contrast, real‐time images with no tissue depth limitation, it is an ideal candidate for in vivo cell tracking. In this work, we have conjugated hard (permanently charged) and soft (pKa‐dependently charged) biomimetic zwitterionic ligands to SPIONs and characterized how these ligands changed SPION physicochemical properties. We have evaluated cellular uptake and subcellular localization between zwitterions, how the improvement in cell uptake generated stronger MPI signal for smaller numbers of cells, and how these cells can be tracked in an animal model with greater sensitivity for longer periods of time. Our best‐performing surface coating afforded high cell loading within 4 h, with full signal retention in vivo over 7 days.

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A primer on in vivo cell tracking using MRI

Cited by 7 publications

References 102 publications

Bacterial imaging in tumour diagnosis

Bacterial imaging in tumour diagnosis

MRI-based cell tracking of OATP-expressing cell transplants by pre-labeling with Gd-EOB-DTPA

The careful selection of zwitterionic nanoparticle coating results in rapid and efficient cell labeling for imaging‐based cell tracking

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