“…4 Specifically, Katsoulacos (1993) and Conte, Chweizer, Dierx, and Ilzkovitz (2009) reported that the majority of RJVs supported by European RTD (research, technological development and demonstration) framework programs give firms an R&D subsidy to the participating firms if they share information. 5 Nowadays, policymakers in European and others 1 For more details, see, Miyagiwa and Ohno (2002) and Marinucci (2012). 2 The rate of R&D spillovers is usually defined as institutional and/or technological factors.…”