A priming methodology for studying self-representation in major depressive disorder.

Segal, Zindel V.; Gemar, Michael; Truchon, Catherine; Guirguis, Manal; Horowitz, Leonard M.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.1.205

Cited by 124 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This finding is inconsistent with previous studies that have utilised emotional versions of the Stroop colour-naming task to investigate attentional processing of emotional stimuli in patients with MD (e.g. Gotlib & Cane, 1987;Nunn, Mathews & Trower, 1997;Segal et al, 1995), as they reported interference from negative as opposed to positive stimuli. However, it should be noted that the observed difference in the present study failed to reach conventional significance and thus would require replication with a larger sample before any implications could be considered.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…For example, studies that have utilised emotional variants of the Stroop colour-naming task (e.g. Gotlib & Cane, 1987;Nunn, Mathews & Trower, 1997;Segal et al, 1995) have tended to demonstrate that depressed individuals are slower to colour-name depression-relevant words than positive or neutral words (usually interpreted as evidence of attention capture by the negative material). It has also been reported that patients with depression exhibit biased attentional processing of emotional faces (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Memory for emotional faces in major depression following judgement of physical facial characteristics at encoding

Ridout

Dritschel

Matthews

et al. 2009

Cognition & Emotion

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The aim of the present study was to establish if patients with major depression (MD) exhibit a memory bias for sad faces, relative to happy and neutral, when the affective element of the faces is not explicitly processed at encoding. To this end, 16 psychiatric outpatients with MD and 18 healthy, never-depressed controls (HC) were presented with a series of emotional faces and were required to identify the gender of the individuals featured in the photographs. Participants were subsequently given a recognition memory test for these faces. At encoding, patients with MD exhibited a non-significant tendency towards slower gender identification (GI) times, relative to HC, for happy faces. However, the GI times of the two groups did not differ for sad or neutral faces. At memory testing, patients with MD did not exhibit the expected memory bias for sad faces. Similarly, HC did not demonstrate enhanced memory for happy faces. Overall, patients with MD were impaired in their memory for the faces relative to the HC. The current findings are consistent with the proposal that moodcongruent memory biases are contingent upon explicit processing of the emotional element of the to-be-remembered material at encoding.Memory for emotional faces in major depression 3

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory for emotional faces in major depression following judgement of physical facial characteristics at encoding

Ridout

Dritschel

Matthews

et al. 2009

Cognition & Emotion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been viewed as the cognitive aspect of self-concept (e.g., Higgins, Van, & Dorfman, 1988;Posner & Warren, 1972). In studies of self-representation, the modified Stroop (1935) color naming task has often been used to explore the cognitive characteristics of self-concept in different situations (e.g., Mikulincer, Dolev, & Shaver, 2004;Segal, Gemar, Truchon, Guirguis, & Horowitz, 1995). In the present study, we also used a modified Stroop color naming task to examine the change of self-representation under different experimental conditions.…”

Section: Self-esteem and Self-representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Concealing Academic Achievement Information on Adolescents’ Self-Concept

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2011

Psychol Rec

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“…Mismatch between the color and content of the word (e.g., the word "green" printed in red) typically results in a longer response latency, which has been typically regarded as evidence of cognitive interference. Modified versions of Stroop tests presenting emotional threat words have been used to examine attentional biases in numerous conditions, including depression (Klieger & Cordner, 1990;Segal, Truchon, Gemar, & Guirguis, 1995;Segal & Vella, 1990), panic disorder (McNally et al, 1994;McNally, Riemann, & Kim, 1990;McNally, Riemann, Louro, Lukach, & Kim, 1992), obsessive-compulsive disorder (Foa, Ilai, McCarthy, Shoyer, & Murdock, 1993;Lavy, Vanoppen, & Vandenhout, 1994), posttraumatic stress disorder (Foa, Feske, Murdock, Kozak, & Mccarthy, 1991;Kaspi, McNally, & Amir, 1995;McNally, English, & Lipke, 1993), specific phobia (Lavy, Vandenhout, & Arntz, 1993;Mathews & Sebastian, 1993), and SAD (Becker, Rinck, Margraf, & Roth, 2001;Hope, Rapee, Heimberg, & Dombeck, 1990;Lundh & Ost, 1996;Maidenberg, Chen, Craske, Bohn, & Bystritsky, 1996;Mattia, Heimberg, & Hope, 1993;McNeil et al, 1995;Spector, response latencies to threat words in contrast with non-threat words have been deemed to indicate selective attention towards the threat.…”

Section: Emotional Stroop Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional biases in social anxiety: An investigation using the inattentional blindness paradigm

Lee

Telch

2008

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Social anxiety disorder is the third most common mental disorder with the lifetime prevalence rate of 13.3% in the US population. Typically, it causes significant impairment in a wide range of functioning and follows a chronic, unremitting course if untreated. Over the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in clinical research aimed at examining underlying mechanisms maintaining social anxiety.One line of research has investigated attentional biases in social anxiety, using various cognitive experiment paradigms, including the emotional Stroop and the modified dotprobe tasks. However, overall findings are equivocal about the nature of attentional biases in social anxiety and several methodological problems limit the interpretability of the data. The present study examined attentional biases associated with social anxiety using a new research paradigm in the field of anxiety disorders: the inattentional blindness paradigm. This paradigm presents a social cue in the absence of the subjects' expectation while they are engaged in a cognitively demanding task, thereby enabling the v more purely attentional aspect of information processing to be examined reducing the influence of potential response biases or effortful strategies. Two independent experiments were conducted using nonclinical student samples consisting of individuals high in social anxiety (HSAs) versus individuals low in social anxiety (LSAs) based on the static and sustained inattentional blindness tasks. Overall, results revealed that HSAs were more likely to detect or identify a socially-threatening cue, relative to LSAs; whereas LSAs were more likely to detect or identify a non-threatening social cue, relative to HSAs. These findings were observed only in the presence of a bogus-speech manipulation. These data suggest the promising utility of the inattentional blindness paradigm in investigating attentional biases in social anxiety and perhaps other psychopathological conditions. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.vi

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A priming methodology for studying self-representation in major depressive disorder.

Cited by 124 publications

References 41 publications

Memory for emotional faces in major depression following judgement of physical facial characteristics at encoding

Memory for emotional faces in major depression following judgement of physical facial characteristics at encoding

The Effects of Concealing Academic Achievement Information on Adolescents’ Self-Concept

Attentional biases in social anxiety: An investigation using the inattentional blindness paradigm

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