A Privacy-Friendly Framework for Vehicle-to-Grid Interactions

Abstract

In the next decades, Electric Vehicles (EVs) are expected to gain increasing popularity and huge penetration in the automotive mar- ket, thanks to their potentialities for close interaction with the Smart Grid ecosystem. Firstly, recharging EV's batteries with energy produced by renewables will allow for a consistent reduction of pollution due to the carbon emissions of traditional gasoline combustion; secondly, bat- teries could be exploited to store/inject energy from/to the grid in order to compensate the unpredictable uctuations caused by Renewable En- ergy Sources (RES). To this aim, a load aggregator is envisioned as a scheduling entity to plan the EVs' battery recharge/discharge according to the user's needs and the current power generation of the grid. The main drawback of the introduction of such load aggregator is a potential harm of users' privacy: gathering information about the EVs' recharge requests and plug/unplug events could make the scheduler able to infer the private travelling habits of the customers, thus exposing them to the risk of tracking attacks and to other privacy threats. To address this issue, this paper proposes a security infrastructure for privacy-friendly Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) interactions, which enables the load aggregator to schedule the EV's battery charge/discharge without learning the current battery level, nor the the amount of charged/discharged energy, nor the time periods in which the EVs are available for recharge. Our proposed scheduling protocol is based on the Shamir Secret Sharing scheme. We provide a security analysis of the privacy guarantees provided by our framework and compare its performance to the optimal schedule that would be obtained if the aggregator had full knowledge of the charging- related information

An accountable privacy-preserving scheme for public information sharing systems

“…Nicanfar et al [18] proposed a robust privacy-preserving authentication scheme for communication between the electric vehicles and power stations. Rottondi et al proposed a security infrastructure for privacy-friendly vehicle to grid (V2G) interactions [20] [21]. Gope [7] proposed a privacy-preserving security architecture with a cooperative device-to-device communication support that operates in fog computing model.…”

On Privacy-Preserving Protocols for Smart Metering Systems

“…Despite the fact that solar photovoltaic and wind are forms of renewable energy, they are unstable. To use them, electric vehicles appear as an opportunity to store the energy in generation peaks and to supply the power network according to customers' needs [RFV14]. For example, in the United States of America (USA), energy suppliers are ready to handle millions of electric vehicles without changing their generation and transmission infrastructure [NRN15].…”

“…Besides electric vehicles bringing new privacy issues [RFV14], not all dwellers will have an electric vehicle. Many customers might have one vehicle per family.…”

Comparative Analysis of Leakage Tools on Scalable Case Studies

“…Therefore, the consumption of a prosumer should remain secret. The privacy of a prosumer with respect to the aggregator can be ensured in several ways [28]. However, each prosumer receives some information about the consumption of other prosumers through the excess value sent back by the aggregator.…”