Because most of the traditional artistic visual image communication methods use the form of modeling and calculation, there are some problems such as long image processing time, low success rate of image visual communication, and poor visual effect. An artistic visual image communication method based on Cartesian genetic programming is proposed. The visual expression sensitivity difference method is introduced to process the image data, the neural network is used to identify the characteristics of the artistic visual image, the midpoint displacement method is used to remove the folds of the artistic visual image, and the processed image is formed under the above three links. The Cartesian genetic programming algorithm is used to encode the preprocessed image, improve the fitness function, select the algorithm to improve the operation, design the image rendering platform, input the processed image to the platform, and complete the artistic visual image transmission. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the image processing time of this method is short, the success rate of visual communication is high, and the image visual effect is good, which can obtain the image processing results satisfactory to users.