A probable pteridosperm from the uppermost Devonian near Ballyheigue, Co. Kerry, Ireland

May, Bruce I.; Matten, Lawrence C.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1983.tb00719.x

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Vegetative fronds have been reported in the Late Devonian seed plants, i.e., Elkinsia from USA [5], Laceya from Ireland [17, 18], Kongshania [8], Yiduxylon [13] and Telangiopsis [10] from China. Among them, Elkinsia , Kongshania and Telangiopsis are also known for fertile rachises with terminal pollen organs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further study of Late Devonian seed plant Cosmosperma polyloba: its reconstruction and evolutionary significance

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe earliest seed plants in the Late Devonian (Famennian) are abundant and well known. However, most of them lack information regarding the frond system and reconstruction. Cosmosperma polyloba represents the first Devonian ovule in China and East Asia, and its cupules, isolated synangiate pollen organs and pinnules have been studied in the preceding years.ResultsNew fossils of Cosmosperma were obtained from the type locality, i.e. the Leigutai Member of the Wutong Formation in Fanwan Village, Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, South China. The collection illustrates stems and fronds extensively covered in prickles, as well as fertile portions including uniovulate cupules and anisotomous branches bearing synangiate pollen organs. The stems are unbranched and bear fronds helically. Fronds are dimorphic, displaying bifurcate and trifurcate types, with the latter possibly connected to fertile rachises terminated by pollen organs. Tertiary and quaternary rachises possessing pinnules are arranged alternately (pinnately). The cupule is uniovulate and the ovule has four linear integumentary lobes fused in basal 1/3. The striations on the stems and rachises may indicate a Sparganum-type cortex.Conclusions Cosmosperma further demonstrates diversification of frond branching patterns in the earliest seed plants. The less-fused cupule and integument of this plant are considered primitive among Devonian spermatophytes with uniovulate cupules. We tentatively reconstructed Cosmosperma with an upright, semi-self-supporting habit, and the prickles along stems and frond rachises were interpreted as characteristics facilitating supporting rather than defensive structures.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0992-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further study of Late Devonian seed plant Cosmosperma polyloba: its reconstruction and evolutionary significance

et al. 2017

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“…These plants are Elkinsia polymorpha [10], Kerryoxylon hexalobatum [7], Laceya hibernica [8,9], Tristichia sp. [7], cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Late Devonian genus with seed plant affinities

Wang

Liu

2015

BMC Evol Biol

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BackgroundMany ovules of Late Devonian (Famennian) seed plants have been well studied. However, because few taxa occur with anatomically preserved stems and/or petioles, the vascular system of these earliest spermatophytes is little understood and available data come mostly from Euramerica. There remains great controversy over the anatomical differentiation of Late Devonian and Carboniferous seed plant groups of Buteoxylonales, Calamopityales and Lyginopteridales. Protostele evolution of these early spermatophytes needs more research.ResultsA new taxon Yiduxylon trilobum gen. et sp. nov. with seed plant affinities has been discovered in the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Tizikou Formation of Hubei Province, China. It is represented by stems, helically arranged and bifurcate fronds with two orders of pinnae and planate pinnules. Both secondary pinnae and pinnules are borne alternately. Stems contain a small protostele with three primary xylem ribs possessing a single peripheral protoxylem strand. Thick secondary xylem displays multiseriate bordered pitting on the tangential and radial walls of the tracheids, and has biseriate to multiseriate and high rays. A narrow cortex consists of inner cortex without sclerotic nests and sparganum-type outer cortex with peripheral bands of vertically aligned sclerenchyma cells. Two leaf traces successively arise tangentially from each primary xylem rib and they divide once to produce four circular-oval traces in the stem cortex. Four vascular bundles occur in two C-shaped groups at each petiole base with ground tissue and peripheral bands of sclerenchyma cells.ConclusionsYiduxylon justifies the assignment to a new genus mainly because of the protostele with protoxylem strands only near the periphery of primary xylem ribs, leaf trace origination and petiolar vascular supply structure. It shares many definitive characters with Calamopityales and Lyginopteridales, further underscoring the anatomical similarities among early seed plants. The primary vascular system, pycnoxylic-manoxylic secondary xylem with bordered pits on both tangential and radial walls of a tracheid and leaf trace divergence of Yiduxylon suggest transitional features between the early spermatophytes and ancestral aneurophyte progymnosperms.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0292-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…It is clear that more similarly comprehensive work must be done before all evidence can be incorporated into a comprehensive phylogeny of major groups. As presently conceived, early pteridosperms consist of three families, Calamopityaceae, Lyginopteridaceae, and Buteoxylonaceae, usually placed within a single order, the Lyginopteridales (see, e.g., May and Matten 1983;Stewart 1983;Taylor 1981). Of these, the Calamopityaceae are arguably among the most primitive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oldest known seeds are a collection, as yet unnamed, of Famennian 2c age from West Virginia (Gillespie et al 1983), Archaeosperma (= Fa 2d) from Pennsylvania (Pettitt and Beck 1968), and Hydrasperma (= Tn 1) from Ireland (Matten et al 1980). To date, only Hydrasperma has been discovered in sedimentary association with stem remains (Laceya and Buteoxylon of the Buteoxylonaceae; see May and Matten 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galtiera bostonensis, gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic calamopityacean from the New Albany shale of Kentucky

Beck¹,

Stein²

1987

Can. J. Bot.

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JR. 1987. Galtiera bostonensis, gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic calamopityacean from the New Albany shale of Kentucky. Can. J. Bot. 65: 348-361. Two parts of a single, anatomically preserved stem fragment form the basis of a new Lower Mississippian taxon that is characterized here in detail. Stelar morphology, leaf trace departure, secondary xylem, outer sparganum cortex, and Kalymma-like leaf bases provide evidence of taxonomic relationship with the Calamopityaceae. The primary vascular column is deeply three ribbed with protoxylem strands restricted to the periphery of the xylem. Trace departure is associated with a dextral shift in the position of primary xylem ribs such that the tip of each rib describes a helical course through the axis. The result is a Fibonacci phyllotactic fraction of at least 215. On the basis of our observations, we hypothesize that the protoxylem strands may comprise five sympodia and, further, that although protostelic in gross morphology, the primary vascular system of Galtiera might actually be more similar to typical eusteles of the Calamopityaceae than protosteles of any other major group. Sclerotic clusters and strands in the cortex are of interest because they are unusually numerous and are usually associated with the phloem either of the main stem vascular column or of leaf traces. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that this morphology reflects a pathological response by the plant to viral or other infectious agents. BECK, C. B., et W. E. STEIN, JR. 1987. Galtiera bostonensis, gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic calamopityacean from the New Albany shale of Kentucky. Can. J. Bot. 65 : 348-361. Deux parties d'un seul fragment de tige conservk anatomiquement servent de fondement i un nouveau taxon du Mississippien InfCrieur caractkrisC ici en dCtail. La morphologie de la stkle, le mode d'kmergence des traces foliaires, le xylkme secondaire, le cortex sparganum exteme et les phyllopodes types Kalymma indiquent des affinitks taxonomiques avec lesCalamopityacCes. La colonne vasculaire primaire est profondiment tri-strike et les brins de protoxylkme sont limitCs i la pCriphkrie du xylkme. Le depart des traces foliaires s'associe i un dkplacement dextre dans la position des c6tes de xylkme primaire de f a~o n telle que 1'extrCmitC de chaque c6te dCcrit un cours hklicoidal i travers l'axe. Le rksultat est une fraction phyllotactique de Fibonacci d'au moins 215. Nos observations, nous amknent i formuler l'hypothkse que les brins de protoxylkme comprennent peut-Ctre cinq sympodiums, et de plus, que malgrC le fait que sa morphologie grossikre soit protostklique, il se peut que le systkme vasculaire primaire du Galtiera soit plus semblable aux eustkles typiques des Calamopityackes qu'aux protostkles de n'importe quel autre groupe majeur. La prksence d'amas sclCrotiques et de brins dans le cortex prisente un intkrCt puisqu'ils sont anormalement nombreux, et sont d'habitude associCs au phlokme soit de la colonne vasculaire de la tige principale soit es traces foliaires. L'kvidence e...

show abstract

A probable pteridosperm from the uppermost Devonian near Ballyheigue, Co. Kerry, Ireland

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Further study of Late Devonian seed plant Cosmosperma polyloba: its reconstruction and evolutionary significance

Further study of Late Devonian seed plant Cosmosperma polyloba: its reconstruction and evolutionary significance

A new Late Devonian genus with seed plant affinities

Galtiera bostonensis, gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic calamopityacean from the New Albany shale of Kentucky

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