A Procedure to Teach Self‐control to Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Binder, Lisa M.; Dixon, Mark R.; Ghezzi, Pietro

doi:10.1901/jaba.2000.33-233

Cited by 64 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Potential future studies in this area could incorporate more age ranges (e.g., young adolescents), longer delays, or different LLRs. The present data add to the self-control/impulsivity literature (e.g., Binder, Dixon, & Ghezzi, 2000) by indicating that the amount of temporal discounting varies systematically as a function of development. Furthermore, a hyperbola-like function described the behavior of age groups, indicating that developmental differences in temporal discounting are primarily quantitative, rather than qualitative, in nature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Temporal Discounting of Hypothetical Monetary Rewards by Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults

Whelan

McHugh

2009

Psychol Rec

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Temporal Discounting of Hypothetical Monetary Rewards by Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults

Whelan

McHugh

2009

Psychol Rec

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“…The answers to these questions await further research. Regardless of the direction of causality, the discounting of delayed consequences may malleable: impulsivity (i.e., choice of a smaller, more immediate reinforcer over a larger, more delayed reinforcer; Ainslie, 1974) has been reduced through behavioral training in several populations, including adults with developmental disabilities (Dixon et al, 1998), children (Binder, Dixon, & Ghezzi, 2000;Schweitzer & Sulzer-Azaroff, 1988) and non-humans (Mazur & Logue, 1978). As an intriguing possibility, behavioral training to mitigate the effect of delay on reinforcer value could plausibly produce beneficial reductions in substance abuse and other risky behaviors (see also Vuchinich & Simpson, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discounting of delayed health gains and losses by current, never- and ex-smokers of cigarettes

Odum¹,

Madden²,

Bickel³

2002

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

206

171

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Recent evidence implicates steep discounting of delayed outcomes as an important feature of drug dependence. We determined discounting rates for health gains and health losses in current cigarette smokers (n = 23), never-smokers (n = 22) and ex-smokers (n = 21). Participants indicated preference for immediate vs. delayed hypothetical health gains and for immediate vs. delayed hypothetical health losses in a titration procedure that determined indifference points at a range of delays. The degree of discounting was estimated using two nonlinear decay models: an exponential model and a hyperbolic model. The hyperbolic equation generally provided better fits to the data than the exponential equation did. Current smokers discounted delayed health gains and health losses more steeply than never-smokers did. Discounting by ex-smokers was generally intermediate to that of current smokers and never-smokers, although not statistically different from either. Current smokers and ex-smokers discounted delayed health losses more steeply than they did health gains. Never-smokers did not discount gains and losses differently. Cigarette smokers show rapid loss of value for delayed health outcomes, emphasizing the need for smoking-cessation treatments that provide relatively immediate consequences for abstinence.

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“…Considerando-se estudos que manipularam diferentes variáveis, como Fading do atraso do reforço (Binder et al, 2000;Canavarros, 2009;Dixon & Tibbetts, 2009;Gokey et al, 2013;Mazur & Logue, 1978;Passage, Tincani, & Hantula, 2012;Schweitzer & Sulzer-Azaroff, 1988); reforços qualitativamente diferentes (Passage et al, 2012), atividades alternativas (Baquero, 2005;Gebrin, 2009;Menezes, 2007), marcador temporal no período de atraso (Grey et a., 2009;Vollmer et al, 1999), instruções sobre como responder em condições de espera (Luczynski & Hanley, 2013), verifica-se que, dependendo do procedimento utilizado, crianças com diferentes idades e com desenvolvimento típico e atípico passam a apresentar respostas de autocontrole. Estes dados estão de acordo com a perspectiva skinneriana de que as variáveis que controlam o comportamento estão fora do organismo, na sua história ambiental e em seu ambiente mais imediato, as quais devem ser conhecidas o máximo possível para que se possa controla-las e prever os comportamentos (Skinner, 2007(Skinner, /1979.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efeitos de um marcador temporal sobre respostas de escolha por maior atraso e magnitude do reforço em crianças

Correia¹,

Micheletto²

2015

Estudos De Psicologia

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Estudos de Psicologia, 20(2), abril a junho de 2015, 102-113 Resumo O presente experimento verificou se a apresentação de um marcador temporal durante o período de atraso do reforço aumentaria as respostas no componente com maior magnitude e atraso do reforço (autocontrole), diminuindo as escolhas pelo componente de menor atraso e magnitude (impulsividade), em um esquema concorrente. Três valores de atraso do reforço foram investigados.Participaram nove crianças distribuídas em três condições manipuladas no período de atraso do reforço: relógio, não-relógio e blackout. Escolhas entre o componente de autocontrole e impulsividade ocorriam na tela de computador sendo consequencia dos pontos trocados por brindes. Encontrou-se autocontrole na primeira apresentação dos menores valores de atraso no componente de maior atraso, mas não com valores maiores, independentemente da condição em vigor. O marcador temporal não indicou ser uma condição que aumente as respostas de autocontrole. Tais respostas estiveram relacionadas aos valores do atraso.Palavras-chave: autocontrole; impulsividade; noção de tempo. Abstract Effects of a time marker on responses of choice for further delay and magnitude of reinforcement in children.This experiment aimed to determine whether the presentation of a temporal marker during the delay of reinforcement would increase choice response related to the greater magnitude and delay of reinforcement component (self-control), reducing the choices of the shorter delay and small magnitude component (impulsivity). Three values of delay interval have been investigated. Nine children were assigned to three conditions manipulated in the delay period: clock, no clock and blackout. Choices between self-control and impulsiveness component occurred on the computer screen producing points exchanged for gifts. Self-control was found in the first presentation of the smaller lag values in longer delay component, but not to larger values, regardless of the condition in effect. The time counter has not indicated to be a condition that increases the self-control. Such responses were related to the delay values.Keywords: self-control; impulsiviness; notion of time. ResumenLos efectos de un contador de tiempo sobre las respuestas de elección por más retraso y magnitud del reforzamiento en niños. El presente experimento evaluó si la presentación de un contador de tiempo en el período de retraso del reforzamiento aumenta las respuestas del componente con más magnitud y retraso del reforzamiento (auto-control), reducindo la elección del componente con menos retraso y magnitud (impulsividad), en una esquema competidor. Tres tipos de retraso del reforzamiento han sido investigados. Participaron nueve niños asignados en tres condiciones manejadas en el periodo de retraso de refuerzo: con reloj, sin reloj y blackout. Las elecciones entre el componente de autocontrol y impulsividad ocurrieron en la pantalla del ordenador consequenciadas por puntos cambiados después por regalos. Se ha encuentrado auto-control en la primera p...

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A Procedure to Teach Self‐control to Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 64 publications

References 4 publications

Temporal Discounting of Hypothetical Monetary Rewards by Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults

Temporal Discounting of Hypothetical Monetary Rewards by Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults

Discounting of delayed health gains and losses by current, never- and ex-smokers of cigarettes

Efeitos de um marcador temporal sobre respostas de escolha por maior atraso e magnitude do reforço em crianças

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