A Process Evaluation Protocol for Examining the Impact of Instructions for Correct Use of Child Car Seats Designed through a Consumer-Driven Process and Evaluated in a Field-Based Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

The incorrect use of child car seats is common, with significant negative effects on crash protection for child passengers. There is currently little evidence for effective, practical countermeasures for incorrect use. The provision of clear and comprehensible materials on correct use supplied with restraints at the point of sale could be highly cost-effective and achieve similar benefits to restraint-fitting services or hands-on training; however, routinely supplied instructions in their current form are frequently difficult to understand. We are conducting a randomised controlled trial of the consumer-driven redesign of instructional materials, consisting of an instruction sheet, swing tags and online training videos. This paper presents the protocol that will be used in an innovate process evaluation that will use the primary outcome of overall serious misuse assessed at six months, together with a survey and semi-structured interviews to determine fidelity, dose and outcomes for all intervention participants. The study will assess intervention delivery and external factors that may impact the effectiveness of the intervention, including experience, health literacy, confidence and attitudes. When it has been conducted, this process evaluation will provide enhanced understanding of the mechanisms through which the intervention works or not, aspects of the implementation process key to success of the intervention and insight into how external factors influence the success of the intervention.

Exploring the Potential of a Behavior Theory–Informed Digital Intervention for Infant Fall Prevention: Mixed Methods Longitudinal Study

“…Although the approach in this study was rudimentary, consideration should be given to designing future rigorous testing of the app in such a way that the mechanistic pathways can be studied in parallel with the overall effectiveness. The quantitative process evaluation being undertaken by Brown et al [ 24 ] in conjunction with the evaluation of their user-driven intervention to reduce the misuse of child restraints is an example of how this might be achieved. This level of evidence for the behavioral underpinnings of the success of digital interventions would further strengthen the case for designing childhood injury interventions using a behavioral theory lens.…”

Assessment of the Contribution of Information Adversarial Technology to Educational Development in the Context of Neural Networks

“…Based on the variability of measurement scales, the data in the education sector can be divided into three types, including numerical data, categorical data, and sequential data [16]. e model based on the neural network horizon is able to predict problems in education in the pattern of numerical type data or can be transformed into numerical type data [17]. (2) ere is no need to establish practically meaningful relationships between individual items.…”