A process model to estimate biodiesel production costs

Haas, Michael J.; McAloon, Andrew J.; Yee, Winnie; Foglia, Thomas A.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.039

Cited by 990 publications

(590 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1,000 US$ per kg for Novozym 435 compared to approx. 0.62 US$ (Haas et al, 2006) for NaOH together with the productivity leads to an enzyme cost of 0.14 US$ per kg per kg ester compared to 0.006 US$ per kg ester for NaOH. A price reduction of enzyme purchase costs to 44 US$ per kg or an increased enzyme life of around 6 years would make enzymes competitive based on productivity alone.…”

Section: Process Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification

Fjerbæk

Christensen

Norddahl

2009

Biotech & Bioengineering

667

459

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Enzymatic biodiesel production has been investigated intensively, but is presently employed industrially only in a 20,000 tons/year pilot plant in China (Du et al. [2008] Appl Microbiol Technol 79(3):331-337). This review presents a critical analysis of the current status of research in this area and accentuates the main obstacles to the widespread use of enzymes for commercial biodiesel transesterification. Improved results for enzymatic catalysis are seen with respect to increased yield, reaction time and stability, but the performance and price of the enzymes need further advances for them to become attractive industrially for biodiesel production. Critical aspects such as mass transfer limitations, use of solvents and water activity are discussed together with process considerations and evaluation of possible reactor configurations, if industrial production with enzymes is to be carried out. Results of published studies on the productivity of enzymes are also presented and compared to the use of chemical catalysts.

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Section: Process Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…enzymes (Haas et al, 2006;Kaieda et al, 1999;Komers et al, 2001;Ma and Hanna, 1999;Meher et al, 2006;Suppes et al, 2001Suppes et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification

Fjerbæk

Christensen

Norddahl

2009

Biotech & Bioengineering

667

459

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“…The biodiesel model is based on the work of Haas et al. for an annual production capacity of 33 kt 38. Both of them are widely cited, and therefore, are considered a reliable source of information.…”

Section: Early Capital Estimation Of Biorefineriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early‐Stage Capital Cost Estimation of Biorefinery Processes: A Comparative Study of Heuristic Techniques

et al. 2016

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Biorefineries offer a promising alternative to fossil‐based processing industries and have undergone rapid development in recent years. Limited financial resources and stringent company budgets necessitate quick capital estimation of pioneering biorefinery projects at the early stages of their conception to screen process alternatives, decide on project viability, and allocate resources to the most promising cases. Biorefineries are capital‐intensive projects that involve state‐of‐the‐art technologies for which there is no prior experience or sufficient historical data. This work reviews existing rapid cost estimation practices, which can be used by researchers with no previous cost estimating experience. It also comprises a comparative study of six cost methods on three well‐documented biorefinery processes to evaluate their accuracy and precision. The results illustrate discrepancies among the methods because their extrapolation on biorefinery data often violates inherent assumptions. This study recommends the most appropriate rapid cost methods and urges the development of an improved early‐stage capital cost estimation tool suitable for biorefinery processes.

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“…Soybean has a density of 0.849 to 0.892 while palm oil has a density of 0.809 to 0.892 kg/L depending on the grade [23]. A final conversion cost of USD 0.06 USD/L from lipid to diesel is added [24].…”

Section: Stoichiometry Of Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile fatty acids derived from waste organics provide an economical carbon source for microbial lipids/biodiesel production

Park

Fei

Jung

et al. 2014

Biotechnology Journal

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Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) derived from organic waste, were used as a low cost carbon source for high bioreactor productivity and titer. A multi-stage continuous high cell density culture (MSC-HCDC) process was employed for economic assessment of microbial lipids for biodiesel production. In a simulation study we used a lipid yield of 0.3 g/g-VFAs, cell mass yield of 0.5 g/g-glucose or wood hydrolyzates, and employed process variables including lipid contents from 10-90% of cell mass, bioreactor productivity of 0.5-48 g/L/h, and plant capacity of 20 000-1 000 000 metric ton (MT)/year. A production cost of USD 1.048/kg-lipid was predicted with raw material costs of USD 0.2/kg for wood hydrolyzates and USD 0.15/kg for VFAs; 9 g/L/h bioreactor productivity; 100,000 MT/year production capacity; and 75% lipids content. The variables having the highest impact on microbial lipid production costs were the cost of VFAs and lipid yield, followed by lipid content, fermenter cost, and lipid productivity. The cost of raw materials accounted for 66.25% of total operating costs. This study shows that biodiesel from microbial lipids has the potential to become competitive with diesels from other sources. Keywords: Economic assessment · Low cost biomass · Microbial lipids · MSC-HCDC · VFAsCorrespondence: Prof. Ho Nam Chang, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea E-mail: hnchang@kaist.edu Current address: Qiang Fei, National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, U.S.A.Abbreviations: AOC, annual operating costs; B, bleed ratio; C X , concentration of cell; C L , concentration of lipid; DFC, direct fixed capital costs; MSC-HCDC, multistage continuous high cell density culture; MT, metric ton, 1000 kg; PHB, poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid; RT, residence time; TBV, total bioreactor volume; VFAs, volatile fatty acids; WH, wood hydrolyzates Biotechnol. J. 2014Biotechnol. J. , 9, 1536Biotechnol. J. -1546 Biotechnology JournalVolatile fatty acids (VFAs), which can be produced from food waste, sludge, and a variety of biodegradable organic wastes under anaerobic conditions, are the basis for a VFAs platform [3,4]. VFAs are a potential economical alternative carbon source for lipid accumulation by oleaginous microorganisms [5]. Although many batch or fed-batch cultures have been carried out for lipid production [6][7][8], bioreactor productivity was not high enough for viable commercial production. Multi-stage continuous high cell density culture (MSC-HCDC) is considered to be a fermentation technology that can lead to high productivity and titer for both extracellular and intracellular products [9,10]. High cell density culture fermentation gives a very high productivity because of its high cell density achieved by membrane cell recycling, or a moderate cell density attained by using a packed-bed combined with gravity settling [11][12][13][14].Fei et al. [15,16] achieved a lipid content of 55% (w/w) using VFAs...

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A process model to estimate biodiesel production costs

Cited by 990 publications

References 7 publications

A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification

A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification

Early‐Stage Capital Cost Estimation of Biorefinery Processes: A Comparative Study of Heuristic Techniques

Volatile fatty acids derived from waste organics provide an economical carbon source for microbial lipids/biodiesel production

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