A processing advantage associated with analytic perceptual tendencies: European Americans outperform Asians on multiple object tracking

Savani, Krishna; Markus, Hazel Rose

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.01.005

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The notion was consistent with the findings in the behavioral tasks, in which Westerners from independent cultures were found to be more task-focused, focusing the task while ignoring the distracting irrelevant information, as compared with East Asians from interdependent cultures (e.g. Masuda and Nisbett, 2001 ; Doherty et al , 2008 ; Savani and Markus, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Functional connectivity pattern underlies individual differences in independent self-construal

Luo

et al. 2018

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Independent vs interdependent self-construal is a concept that reflects how people perceive the relationship between self and other people, which has been extensively examined across disciplines. However, little evidence on the whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) pattern of independent vs interdependent self-construal has been reported. Here, in a sample of 51 healthy participants, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based FC analysis (i.e. FC strength and seed-based FC) by measuring the temporal correlation of blood oxygen level-dependent signals between spatially separate brain regions to investigate the neural mechanism of independent vs interdependent self-construal. First, we found that FC strength of bilateral posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, and left inferior frontal gyrus were positively correlated with the independent vs interdependent score. Seed-based FC analysis with these three regions as seeds revealed that, FC within default mode network and executive control network was positively correlated with the independent vs interdependent score. Negative correlation with independent vs interdependent score was shown in the connections between default mode network and executive control regions. Taking together, our results provide a comprehensive FC architecture of the independent vs interdependent self-construal and advance the understanding of the interplay between culture, mind and brain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Functional connectivity pattern underlies individual differences in independent self-construal

Luo

et al. 2018

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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“…Thus far, the existing literature on collectivism/individualism and independence/interdependence has mainly focused on differences between Western or European Americans and Eastern or East Asian cultures (Triandis, 2001;Kitayama and Uskul, 2011). For instance, European Americans are more likely to successfully handle analytical tasks that require focusing on key targets or multiple targets while ignoring their surroundings (Chua et al, 2005;Savani and Markus, 2012). Alternatively, Eastern Asians are more successful on holistic tasks that require the integration of key targets with background information (Savani and Markus, 2012).…”

Section: Social Interdependence and Independencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, European Americans are more likely to successfully handle analytical tasks that require focusing on key targets or multiple targets while ignoring their surroundings (Chua et al, 2005;Savani and Markus, 2012). Alternatively, Eastern Asians are more successful on holistic tasks that require the integration of key targets with background information (Savani and Markus, 2012). Similarly, in Eastern cultures, individuals have shown a tendency to focus more on contextual factors than on individual traits, and they are less likely to assign behaviors to the personal characteristics of an individual compared to Westerners (Morris and Peng, 1994).…”

Section: Social Interdependence and Independencementioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Sustenance Style and Social Orientations in China: Chinese Mongolians Are More Independent Than Han Chinese

2020

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In this study, we examined the Chinese Han and Mongolian, two ethnic groups that belong to the same national and geographic regions but vary in their degrees of social interdependence and independence. We assumed that the Mongolian, who have traditionally been known as a herding community, exhibit a greater independent social orientation compared to the Han Chinese, who have traditionally been known as an agrarian community. Through three different studies we used the explicit measurement of self-construal, implicit cultural task of self-inflation and the practice of name-giving (i.e., baby names as a cultural product) to test our hypothesis. The obtained results revealed that compared to Han Chinese, Mongolian scored higher on independentself subscale, had greater levels of self-symbolic inflation and were less likely to give common names to their babies. These findings suggest that Mongolians are more independent than Han Chinese. In view of that, the present study contributes to a better understanding of the complexity of Chinese culture in terms of interdependence and independence, and provides further support for historical sustenance theory.

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“…Researchers have assumed that when individuals' attention was top‐down, cross‐cultural variation in patterns of attention would also be substantial because members of a given cultural community interpret the information in a culturally meaningful manner, and such interpretation affects their mode of attention (Senzaki, Masuda, & Ishii, ). A plethora of attention studies have indeed demonstrated that East Asians are more likely than their North American counterparts to endorse context‐sensitive patterns of attention (Boduroğlu, Shah, & Nisbett, ; Doherty, Tsuji, & Phillips, ; Ishii & Kitayama, ; Ishii, Reyes, & Kitayama, ; Ji, Peng, & Nisbett, ; Kitayama, Duffy, Kawamura, & Larsen, ; Kitayama & Ishii, ; Masuda, Akase, Radford, & Wang, ; Masuda, Ishii, & Kimura, ; Masuda & Nisbett, ; Savani & Markus, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture and attention: Recent empirical findings and new directions in cultural psychology

Masuda

2017

Social & Personality Psych

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Over the past 3 decades, cultural psychologists have empirically investigated the influence of cultural meaning systems on human psychology. Under the rubric of holistic versus analytic thought, researchers have demonstrated that there are substantial cultural variations in social cognition, and that such variations are observable even in so-called fundamental psychological processes, such as attention. The aim of this paper is to review 3 major themes in culture and attention: (1) culture and attention to nonsocial scenes, (2) culture and attention to social scenes, and (3) culture and aesthetics. The paper also discusses 4 major strands of research that could be considered important candidates to further advance the understanding of culture and attention: (1) research on "culture ➔ human psychological processes," where we investigate how culture influences modes of attention; (2) research on "human psychology ➔ cultural processes," where we investigate how those who hold a specific mode of attention create cultural products and tangible representations of culturally shared meanings; (3) research on cultural neuroscience, where we investigate underlying mechanisms and processes of specific modes of attention; and (4) research on cultural transmission processes, where we investigate how specific modes of attention is taught by adults and internalized by children.

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A processing advantage associated with analytic perceptual tendencies: European Americans outperform Asians on multiple object tracking

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Functional connectivity pattern underlies individual differences in independent self-construal

Functional connectivity pattern underlies individual differences in independent self-construal

Historical Sustenance Style and Social Orientations in China: Chinese Mongolians Are More Independent Than Han Chinese

Culture and attention: Recent empirical findings and new directions in cultural psychology

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