This paper reports on the responses from 201 questionnaires returned from Victorian members of the IFA and the dilemma they pose for university courses which provide professional education. The data showed consistency between how respondents ranked the essential skills that should be included in 'professional education' offered by universities and competencies they felt characterised their profession. Technical forestry competencies were consistently ranked most highly, followed by communication skills. However, when frequency-of-use responses were examined, both of the above were used less often than work related skills. Therefore, a discrepancy was found between the skills foresters ranked as most important in their professional education and recalled as competencies with the perception of their routine occupational tasks. Foresters saw their occupation as challenging their human, as well as resource management skills. Both skills were incorporated in the current professional practice of forestry. The difference between what the respondents considered important for professional education and professional service poses a dilemma for curriculum reform in university forestry courses. How can professional education be updated to a more management-centred profession without loss of the techno-scientific credibility that foresters felt underpins their professional identify? In answer to this question, it is suggested that the IFA and universities might collaborate to produce case study material for use in undergraduate courses.