A profile of wound infections in National Hospital Abuja

Abstract

Background: Wound Infections cause prolonged hospital stay, increased costs and also can result in increased patient morbidity and mortality. The current spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria has further heightened the need for regular bacteriological review of infected woundsand regular antibiotics surveillance studies so as to avoid the unguidedempirical treatment of wound infections which is quite common in this environment Aim: To determine the distributionof theisolates from wound specimens submitted to the medical microbiology laboratory of National Hospital Abuja for processing. Method: A reviewand analysis of 380 woundspecimens results from various wards in the hospital over a period of 10 months (1 st Marto Dec 31 st 2010) was conducted. Result: A total of 314 isolates were recovered from the 380 wound specimens giving a yield of 83%. 240(76%) yielded single isolates of various pathogens, while 74(24%) were poly-microbial. Gram negative bacilli constituted 66% of all the pathogens with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%) and Proteus species (18%) as the most frequent, while gram positive isolates made up 33% with S aureus (27%) as most predominant and most frequently isolated bacteria from all the wound specimens. Two candida species comprised about 1% of the isolates. Frequency of infection was highest in surgical wards (27%), gynaecology ward (14%) and accident and emergency unit (12%). The fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and Beta-lactam antibiotics were the most effective drugs for most of the isolates. Staphylococcus aureus was most sensitive to amikacin (83%) and erythromycin (79%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem (96%) and amikacin (83%) and Proteus species to amikacin (100%) and imipenem (78%). Conclusion: S aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus species were the predominant bacteria from wounds, with surgery and gynaecology wards having the highest prevalence. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics is high. There is need to institute antibiotic stewardship and effective and efficient infection control measures in the hospital

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates Causing Wound Infection Among the Patients Visiting B & B Hospital

“…The high rate of growth was found to be in indoor patients (54.9%) than OPD patients (38.8%) and emergency patients (20.3%), which was similar to the study of Iregbu et al (2013). The reason for the high prevalence in ward may be due to factor associated with acquisition of nosocomial pathogens in patients with recurrent long term hospitalization, complicating illness, prior administration of antimicrobial agents.…”

“…In our present study, out of total bacterial isolates, 70.6% were Gram negative and 29.4% were Grampositive bacteria. In a similar study conducted by Giri et al (2008), Iregbu et al (2013), Eselbelhie et al (2013) Gram negative bacteria were found predominant. Most of the hospital-based studies nowadays show that Gram-negative bacteria was more prevalent than Gram-positive bacteria.…”

“…In a similar study conducted by Thanni et al (2003), P. aeruginosa was most predominant one (29.9%) among the total isolates while S. aureus was predominant (27.5%) among Gram positive isolates. The study conducted by Iregbu et al (2013) gram-negative bacilli constituted 66% of all the pathogens with P. aeruginosa as the most frequent (19%). Higher prevalence of S. aureus among Gram-positive bacteria and 2 nd predominant isolates among the total, seen in this study was also reported by other researchers, Mehta et al 2000 andMohammad et al 2013.…”

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and extended spectrum β–lactamase producers among bacteria isolated from infected wounds in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan City

“…Such factors includes: the type and location of the wound, the depth and level of tissue perfusion, and the host immune response (3). In most instances, wound colonization is polymicrobial involving numerous microorganisms that may be pathogenic (7,8,9). Infected wound has actively multiplying pathogenic organisms with clinical signs of infection such as pain, redness, oozing of pus and yellowing of the wound site.…”

Wound Healing Potentials of some Fin Fishes

“…Several species of microbes have been reported in wound infection (Thanni et al, 2003;Shittu et al, 2002;Okesola and Kehinde, 2008;Obi, 2015;Muhammad et al, 2014;Iregbu et al, 2013;Gadzama et al, 2007). Sensitivity profile has been widely carried out on the pathogens found in wound infections (Taiwo et al, 2002;Obi, 2015;Iregbu et al, 2013). The level of microbial infestation with regard to diversity and density also influence the wound healing rate.…”