“…Various kinds of synthetic biomaterials have been explored as bone grafts, e.g. metals, ceramics and hydrogels, however, they also encounter some drawbacks, including unsatisfied mechanical and bioactive performances [ [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] ]. What is more, it has been reported that poor integration between the grafts and bone tissues lead to increased loose risks and ineffective treatment [ [12] , [13] , [14] ].…”