A programmable polarization-mode dispersion emulator for systematic testing of 10 Gb/s PMD compensators

Damask, Jay N.

doi:10.1109/ofc.2000.868512

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1(b)]-the birefringent sections are randomly rotated relative to each other to obtain different PMD states. Examples include birefringent crystals mounted on rotation stages [11] or separated by rotatable polarization mode-mixers (thin waveplates) [12], PM fibers connected by rotatable connectors [13], and a long strand of PM fiber with fiber-twisters placed periodically along its length to vary the polarization coupling between sections [14].…”

Section: Statistical Pmd Emulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early studies of PMD emulators focused on the number of sections required to produce accurate first-and higher-order statistics, on the differences between using polarization controllers and polarization rotators between sections, and on obtaining a frequency autocorrelation function that quadratically falls to zero outside the PMD vector's correlation bandwidth [1,[8][9][10][11]13].…”

Section: Emulators With Rotatable Sections [mentioning

confidence: 99%

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PMD emulation

Willner

Hauer

2004

J Optic Comm Rep

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As PMD has become an increasingly significant issue in high-bit-rate fiber optic systems, a need has developed for laboratory instruments and software tools capable of rapidly exploring the effects of PMD on various test items. The random nature of PMD dictates that to characterize its effects on transmitter/receiver pairs and on PMD compensation systems, one must repeatedly measure the system performance over a wide sample space of PMD states. This need has spurred the development of several methods for accurately and rapidly emulating the random variations of PMD in real fibers, as well as techniques for generating specific components and combinations of first-and higher-order PMD in a predictable and repeatable way. This chapter reviews several of these methods for both statistical and deterministic PMD emulation. The underlying concepts and rationales for various design architectures are discussed. A common analytical model for describing multisection all-order emulators is presented and a simple design example is used to further illustrate the concepts.

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Section: Statistical Pmd Emulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emulators With Rotatable Sections [mentioning

confidence: 99%

PMD emulation

Willner

Hauer

2004

J Optic Comm Rep

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“…Many experimental PMD generation techniques also employ a concatenation of birefringent elements, such as high-birefringence fibers [20] or birefringent waveplates [21], connected by either polarization scramblers (e.g., polarization controllers [20]) or rotatable connectors [21].…”

Section: The Pmd Concatenation Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental PMD emulators employing a concatenation of birefringent elements have been built [20,21], and a PMD emulator that incorporates a simplified form of importance sampling which works with a small number of sections has also been built [27]. It is possible that an emulator could be constructed to use the importancesampled algorithm described above.…”

Section: Experimental Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of importance sampling to polarization mode dispersion

Biondini

Kath

2004

J Optic Comm Rep

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“…C). Based on laboratory measurements on artifacts with known DGD and SOPOMD [2], we estimate that the instantaneous PMD values in these plots has better than 10% uncertainty. Of particular interest are the abrupt changes across the spectrum (~145 hours in Figure 1 and 80 hours in Figure 2) that occurred much faster than our measurement period.…”

Section: Fiber Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization mode dispersion compensator field trial and field fiber characterization

Peterson¹,

Ward²,

Rochford³

et al. 2002

Opt. Express

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Two high-PMD long distance routes were characterized and used to test an optical polarization mode dispersion compensator (PMDC) under field conditions. For this trial, 110 km routes with mean PMD values of 25 and 26.5 ps were provisioned with commercial WDM transport equipment and tested for several weeks. The route was comprised of three spans of characterized fiber that followed railroad tracks. We show the temporal variation of the output polarization state and the evolution of first-and second-order PMD spectra over 7 days. The deployment of a variablelength PMDC on these links allowed error-free transmission of an OC-192 signal. Splitting the output to receivers with and without PMDC demonstrated specific PMD events that caused errors in the absence of a PMDC.

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A programmable polarization-mode dispersion emulator for systematic testing of 10 Gb/s PMD compensators

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

PMD emulation

PMD emulation

Applications of importance sampling to polarization mode dispersion

Polarization mode dispersion compensator field trial and field fiber characterization

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