A PROGRESSION FOR GENERATING VARIABLE‐INTERVAL SCHEDULES<sup>1</sup>

Fleshler, Morton; Hoffman, Howard S.

doi:10.1901/jeab.1962.5-529

Cited by 1,044 publications

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“…Each session continued until 60 reinforcers were delivered. A variable-interval (VI) 30-s schedule then was implemented for key pecking, with intervals selected without replacement from the distribution described by Fleshler and Hoffman (1962). The VI 30-s schedule remained in effect for a minimum of 20 sessions and until response rates were stable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recency, Repeatability, and Reinforcer Retrenchment: An Experimental Analysis of Resurgence

Lieving

Lattal

2003

J Exper Analysis Behavior

171

255

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Four experiments were conducted with pigeons to assess the experimental conditions necessary for the occurrence of resurgence. The general procedure consisted of the following conditions: Condition 1-reinforcement of key pecking; Condition 2-reinforcement of treadle pressing and concurrent extinction of key pecking; and Condition 3-the resurgence condition wherein resurgence was defined as the recovery of key pecking. In Experiments 1 and 2, the resurgence condition was conventional extinction. The effect of recency on resurgence magnitude was examined in Experiment 1 by manipulating the number of sessions of Condition 2, above. Resurgence was not a function of recency with the parameters used. Repeating the three conditions revealed resurgence to be a repeatable effect in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, a variable-time schedule was in effect for the resurgence condition. Resurgence was not produced by response-independent food delivery. In Experiment 4, the resurgence condition was a variable-interval schedule for treadle pressing that arranged a lower reinforcement rate than in Condition 2 (92% reduction in reinforcers per minute). Resurgence was lower in magnitude relative to conventional extinction, although resurgence was obtained with 2 out of 3 pigeons. The results are discussed in terms of the variables controlling resurgence and the relations between behavioral history, resurgence, and other forms of response recovery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recency, Repeatability, and Reinforcer Retrenchment: An Experimental Analysis of Resurgence

Lieving

Lattal

2003

J Exper Analysis Behavior

171

255

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“…Details of the procedure were as described in Experiment 1, except that a Vi 5-s schedule was in effect during the testing phase. A constant-probability progression (Fleshler & Hoffman, 1962) consisting of 20 intervals was used to generate the Vi schedule. Each of the intervals was presented once in a 20-interval block in a randomized order.…”

Section: Methods Subjects and Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploration of Remote History Effects in Humans

Okouchi

2007

Psychol Rec

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One group of undergraduates responded under a fixedratio (FR) 25 schedule and a second group responded under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) 5-s schedule (first history phase). Both groups of subjects were then exposed to a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (DRO) 5-s schedule (second history phase), and finally to fixed-interval (Fi) 5-s (Experiment 1), variable-interval (Vi) 5-s (Experiment 2), extinction, FR, and DRL (Experiment 3) schedules (history testing phase). Response rates under the extinction and the FR schedule in the history-testing phase were higher for subjects with a history of the FR schedule than for subjects with a DRL history. Such a systematic difference by remote histories was not observed when the Fi, Vi, and DRL schedules were in effect during testing.

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“…When sucrose was delivered, the house light and the stimulus light above the reinforced cup shut off for 2 s. In Phase 2, concurrent chains were introduced. The initial link variable-interval (VI) 8-s schedules were randomly selected from 12 intervals generated from an exponential progression [32]. After the VI elapsed, if the rat pressed the lever assigned for reinforcement, sucrose was delivered after a fixed-time (FT) 2-s terminal link.…”

Section: Behavioral Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basolateral amygdala lesions and sensitivity to reinforcer magnitude in concurrent chains schedules

Helms

Mitchell

2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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Previous studies show that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is required for behavior to adjust when the value of a reinforcer decreases after satiation or pairing with gastric distress. This study evaluated the effect of pre-or post-training excitotoxic lesions of the BLA on changes in preference with another type of contingency change, reinforcer magnitude reversal. Rats were trained to press left and right levers during a variable-interval choice phase for 50 µl or 150 µl sucrose delivered to consistent locations after a 16-s delay. Tones were presented during the first and last 2 s of the delay to reinforcement. The tone frequency predicted the magnitude of sucrose reinforcement in baseline conditions. All groups acquired stable preference for the lever on the large (150-µl) reinforcer side. However, nose poking during the delay to large reinforcement was highly accurate (i.e., to the reinforced side) for all groups except the rats with BLA lesions induced before training, suggesting impaired control of behavior by the tone. After the acquisition of stable preference, the locations of the reinforcer magnitudes were unpredictably reversed for a single session. Pre-training lesions blunted changes in preference when the reinforcer magnitudes were reversed. Lesions induced after stable preference was acquired, but prior to reversal, did not disrupt changes in preference. The data suggest that the BLA contributes to the adaptation of choice behavior following changes in reinforcer magnitude. Impaired learning about the tone-reinforcer magnitude relationships may have disrupted discrimination of the reinforcer magnitude reversal.

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A PROGRESSION FOR GENERATING VARIABLE‐INTERVAL SCHEDULES¹

Cited by 1,044 publications

References 0 publications

Recency, Repeatability, and Reinforcer Retrenchment: An Experimental Analysis of Resurgence

Recency, Repeatability, and Reinforcer Retrenchment: An Experimental Analysis of Resurgence

An Exploration of Remote History Effects in Humans

Basolateral amygdala lesions and sensitivity to reinforcer magnitude in concurrent chains schedules

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A PROGRESSION FOR GENERATING VARIABLE‐INTERVAL SCHEDULES1

Cited by 1,044 publications

References 0 publications

Recency, Repeatability, and Reinforcer Retrenchment: An Experimental Analysis of Resurgence

Recency, Repeatability, and Reinforcer Retrenchment: An Experimental Analysis of Resurgence

An Exploration of Remote History Effects in Humans

Basolateral amygdala lesions and sensitivity to reinforcer magnitude in concurrent chains schedules

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Product

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A PROGRESSION FOR GENERATING VARIABLE‐INTERVAL SCHEDULES¹