A promising approach for directly extracting lithium from α-spodumene by alkaline digestion and precipitation as phosphate

Song, Yunfeng; Zhao, Tianyu; He, Lihua; Zhao, Zhongwei; Liu, Xuheng

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105141

Cited by 70 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Moreover, lithium phosphate had the characteristics of strong heat resistance, nonradioactivity, and long light efficiency. Lithium phosphate was used in high-temperature resistant materials, phosphors, special glasses, lasers, etc. − It could also be used to prepare lithium-ion battery cathode materials for lithium iron phosphate. Based on the abovementioned consideration, this paper used phosphoric acid to precipitate the raffinate to prepare lithium phosphate products.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Extraction of Lithium and Rubidium from Polylithionite via Alkaline Leaching Combined with Solvent Extraction and Precipitation

Xing

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Lithium and rubidium, as important alkali metals, have a wide range of applications in many fields because of their unique physical and chemical properties. This paper proposes a novel method for the extraction of lithium and rubidium from polylithionite. The process primarily involves alkaline leaching, solvent extraction of rubidium, lithium phosphate precipitation, and zeolite synthesis. Results of alkaline leaching experiments show that the leaching rates of lithium and rubidium are 96.43 and 97.50%, respectively, under a leaching temperature of 250 °C, an NaOH concentration of 600 g/L, a leaching duration of 3 h, and a liquid−solid ratio of 7:1 mL/g. Through solvent extraction, the extraction rate of rubidium can reach 99.5%. More than 93.96% of lithium can be recycled by adding phosphoric acid to prepare lithium phosphate. The obtained basic leaching residue is pretreated to synthesize zeolite, achieving reasonable utilization of the waste residue. The rational use of waste residue has added value to the process and promoted the sustainable use of resources.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the lithium phosphate product was obtained through precipitation. The precipitated filtrate was returned to the leaching process to leach the ore. 39 The details of cyclic leaching will be summarized in the next study.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Extraction of Lithium and Rubidium from Polylithionite via Alkaline Leaching Combined with Solvent Extraction and Precipitation

Xing

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…In an attempt to eliminate this step, some hydrometallurgical treatments such as employed by SiLeach® and LieNA® have been considered from which promising results have been achieved. Song et al , 25 also by hydrometallurgical treatment using NaOH and CaO in an autoclave, reported 93% leaching efficiency. However, their approach requires high concentration of NaOH and special equipment (autoclave) in addition to long processing time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the increasing demand for lithium, primarily due to the evolution of electric and hybrid vehicles coupled with its undersupply from Salar and brine, attention has been drawn to extraction from pegmatite ores, secondary resources and to a lesser extent, water produced from shale gas 6,7 in order to meet the increasing demand. Investigations for processing petalite, 8 zinnwaldite, 9-13 lepidolite, [14][15][16][17][18] spodumene [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and secondary sources [26][27][28][29] are well documented. Of all lithium bearing minerals, spodumene (LiAlSi 2 O 6 ) stands out as the one with high economic value resulting from its relatively high lithium content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel extraction route of lithium from α-spodumene by dry chlorination

et al. 2022

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“…α, β, and γ are the three major phases of spodumene, where α-spodumene (LiAlSi 2 O 6 ) is the mined natural material [1]. In addition, α-spodumene has great potential to serve as a main lithium resource for lithium industries in comparison with the other two phases [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-Based Defect Engineering in “α-Spodumene”

2021

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Naturally occurring lithium-rich α-spodumene (α-LiAlSi2O6) is a technologically important mineral that has attracted considerable attention in ceramics, polymer industries, and rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The defect chemistry and dopant properties of this material are studied using a well-established atomistic simulation technique based on classical pair-potentials. The most favorable intrinsic defect process is the Al-Si anti-site defect cluster (1.08 eV/defect). The second most favorable defect process is the Li-Al anti-site defect cluster (1.17 eV/defect). The Li-Frenkel is higher in energy by 0.33 eV than the Al-Si anti-site defect cluster. This process would ensure the formation of Li vacancies required for the Li diffusion via the vacancy-assisted mechanism. The Li-ion diffusion in this material is slow, with an activation energy of 2.62 eV. The most promising isovalent dopants on the Li, Al, and Si sites are found to be Na, Ga, and Ge, respectively. The formation of both Li interstitials and oxygen vacancies can be facilitated by doping of Ga on the Si site. The incorporation of lithium is studied using density functional theory simulations and the electronic structures of resultant complexes are discussed.

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A promising approach for directly extracting lithium from α-spodumene by alkaline digestion and precipitation as phosphate

Cited by 70 publications

References 41 publications

Efficient Extraction of Lithium and Rubidium from Polylithionite via Alkaline Leaching Combined with Solvent Extraction and Precipitation

Efficient Extraction of Lithium and Rubidium from Polylithionite via Alkaline Leaching Combined with Solvent Extraction and Precipitation

Novel extraction route of lithium from α-spodumene by dry chlorination

Simulation-Based Defect Engineering in “α-Spodumene”

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