A promising laser crystal Er3+:YPO4 with intense multi-wavelength emission characteristics

Growth and Spectroscopic Comparison of Monoclinic Er3+:GdPO4 and Tetragonal Er3+:YPO4 Crystals for 1.55 μm Laser Application

“…A RePO 4 crystal can only be grown by the flux method because of its incongruent melting characteristic, and the used flux in many experiments was the lead pyrophosphate Pb 2 P 2 O 7 . , Caused by the strong toxicity and high volatility of the Pb 2 P 2 O 7 flux, only small-sized RePO 4 crystals have been obtained based on the spontaneously nucleated flux method. − ,− For example, only the plate-shaped Nd 3+ :LuPO 4 crystal with dimensions of 10 × 4 × 1 mm 3 and plate-shaped Yb 3+ :YPO 4 crystal with dimensions of 6 × 4 × 0.5 or 5 × 3 × 1 mm 3 can be obtained up to now. , Previous investigation has shown that a flux system containing Li + is favorable for the growth of a bulk GdPO 4 crystal . Li 2 CO 3 and MoO 3 are widely used as fluxes in many crystal growth experiments.…”

“…Depending on the ionic radius of the rare earth element Re, rare earth orthophosphate RePO 4 can be roughly classified into two structures: monoclinic monazite (Re = La to Gd) and tetragonal zircon (Re = Tb to Lu, including Y and Sc) structures . Due to the high thermal conductivity, for example, about 12 W m –1 K –1 for the YPO 4 crystal, RePO 4 crystals have been investigated as solid-state laser host materials. − Efficient 1.0 μm lasers have been achieved in the Nd 3+ or Yb 3+ singly doped LuPO 4 and YPO 4 crystals. ,− Furthermore, the spectral investigations of the Er 3+ :LuPO 4 crystal as well as Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Ho 3+ singly doped YPO 4 crystals as potential laser materials have also been reported. ,− However, compared with the tetragonal LuPO 4 and YPO 4 crystals, the investigation of the monoclinic RePO 4 crystal as the laser host is still less. Up to now, only the spectral property of the Er 3+ -doped LaPO 4 crystal and spectral and laser performance of the Nd 3+ -doped GdPO 4 crystal have been reported. ,, Polarized spectral characteristics of the Er 3+ :GdPO 4 crystal and the influence of structure change on the spectral characteristics of the Er 3+ -doped RePO 4 crystals have not been investigated, which are important for evaluating their potentialities as 1.55 μm laser gain media.…”

Altering of the Electric and Magnetic Dipole Transition Probability of Eu3+ in YPO4 Lattice by Codoping of K+ Ion: Potential Materials for Imaging and Heating

“…Rare-earth doped nanoparticles have been used in many applications including display, light emitting, sensor, and bioimaging, etc. − Particularly, rare-earth doped phosphates (REPO 4 ) have advantages over other available luminescent materials such as organic dyes and PbSe quantum dots in terms of photostability, biocompatibility, and easy surface functionalization. − Eu 3+ doped REPO 4 nanoparticles have been used extensively since the Eu 3+ ion has the 4f–4f transitions in absorption and emission spectra with characteristics of the electric dipole and magnetic dipole transitions. A maximum absorption peak at 395 nm ( 7 F 0 – 5 L 6 transition) and emission peaks at 580, 592, 615, 645, and 695 nm are observed. − In many cases, a transition due to 580 nm is not observed due to its forbidden nature ( 5 D 0 – 7 F 0 transition).…”