A promoterless period gene mediates behavioral rhythmicity and cyclical per expression in a restricted subset of the drosophila nervous system

Frisch, Brigitte; Hardin, Paul E.; Hamblen-Coyle, Melanie J.; Rosbash, Michael; Hall, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90212-7

Cited by 245 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In D. melanogaster, the specific neurons of the optic lobe seem to play a major role as pacemakers for locomotor activity rhythms, because a transgenic line in which per expression is restricted to the lateral neurons has rhythmic locomotor activity (21,22). Further evidence is provided by studies of disconnected melanogaster Canton-S 3-and 9-day-old flies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Circadian rhythms of female mating activity governed by clock genes in Drosophila

Sakai

Ishida

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

247

204

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The physiological and behavioral activities of many animals are restricted to specific times of the day. The daily fluctuation in the mating activity of some insects is controlled by an endogenous clock, but the genetic mechanism that controls it remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that wild-type Drosophila melanogaster display a robust circadian rhythm in the mating activity, and that these rhythms are abolished in period-or timeless-null mutant flies (per 01 and tim 01 ). Circadian rhythms were lost when rhythm mutant females were paired with wild-type males, demonstrating that female mating activity is governed by clock genes. Furthermore, we detected an antiphasic relationship in the circadian rhythms of mating activity between D. melanogaster and its sibling species Drosophila simulans. Female-and species-specific circadian rhythms in the mating activity of Drosophila seem to cause reproductive isolation.M ost organisms show circadian 24-h rhythmicity in their behavior and physiology. Various behavioral phenomena in insects are controlled by an endogenous clock (1). A core oscillator mechanism of circadian rhythm and feedback loops, involving several clock genes including period (per) and timeless (tim), control locomotor activity and eclosion of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (2-6). Mutants of D. melanogaster with defective feedback loops (7-10) provide the means of studying the relationship between behavioral rhythms and circadian clock genes.Mating by animals is the most important and fundamental process to select the best partner and to produce progeny. Insects in particular show daily rhythms in mating activity (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), and these are controlled in some by an endogenous clock (14,15). Mating activity of the fruit fly Drosophila mercatorum shows the daily rhythms of the mating activity under 12-h͞12-h light͞dark (LD) cycles (16), and several Drosophila species show the daily rhythms of male courtship under LD cycles (17). However, the genetic mechanism(s) that modulates mating rhythm in these insects remains unknown.The present study shows that wild-type D. melanogaster display a robust circadian rhythm in mating activity that is governed by clock genes and that females are responsible for generating the mating rhythms. Furthermore, we found that the mating activities of disconnected (disco) mutants, which have a severe defect in the optic lobe and are missing lateral neurons, are arrhythmic. We also identified an antiphasic relationship in the circadian rhythms of the mating activity between D. melanogaster and its sibling species, Drosophila simulans. Materials and MethodsFly Strains. D. melanogaster wild-type strains (Canton-S and OGS-4, Ogasawara, Japan), rhythm mutants [period 01 (per 01 ), timeless 01 (tim 01 ), and disconnected 3 forked (disco 3 f )], transgenic flies (hsp-per s13) carrying heat shock (HS)-inducible per coding sequences (18), forked ( f ) mutant, and D. simulans wild-type strains (Og, Ogasawara, Japan; and Ots, Otsuki, Japan) were grown on glucose͞yea...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Circadian rhythms of female mating activity governed by clock genes in Drosophila

Sakai

Ishida

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

247

204

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“…This demonstration of a transcription-independent mRNA rhythm was particularly surprising because Per is part of the molecular clock machinery. The delivery of a promoterless-dPer transgene can actually restore locomotor activity oscillations in arrhythmic flies (Frisch et al 1994). However, the amplitude of the mRNA content rhythm in the transgenic flies is significantly lower, suggesting that transcription does contribute to the normal oscillation.…”

Section: Circadian Regulation Of Splicing Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttranscriptional Regulation of Mammalian Circadian Clock Output

Garbarino-Pico

Green

2007

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

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Circadian clocks are present in many different cell types/tissues and control many aspects of physiology. This broad control is exerted, at least in part, by the circadian regulation of many genes, resulting in rhythmic expression patterns of 5-10% of the mRNAs in a given tissue. Although transcriptional regulation is certainly involved in this process, it is becoming clear that posttranscriptional mechanisms also have important roles in producing the appropriate rhythmic expression profiles. In this chapter, we review the available data about posttranscriptional regulation of circadian gene expression and highlight the potential role of Nocturnin (Noc) in such processes. NOC is a deadenylase-a ribonuclease that specifically removes poly(A) tails from mRNAs-that is expressed widely in the mouse with high-amplitude rhythmicity. Deadenylation affects the stability and translational properties of mRNAs. Mice lacking the Noc gene have metabolic defects including a resistance to dietinduced obesity, decreased fat storage, changes in lipid-related gene expression profiles in the liver, and altered glucose and insulin sensitivities. These findings suggest that NOC has a pivotal role downstream from the circadian clockwork in the posttranscriptional regulation genes involved in the circadian control of metabolism.

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“…A group of 4−5 small ventral lateral neurons (sLN v s) in each hemisphere of the brain is both necessary and sufficient to drive robust locomotor-activity rhythms [134][135][136] . The other rhythmic output is in olfactory responses, which are measured by assaying odour-induced electro-physiological responses in the antennae, called electroantennaegrams (EAGs) 137 .…”

Section: Malphighian Tubulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythms from multiple oscillators: lessons from diverse organisms

et al. 2005

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The organization of biological activities into daily cycles is universal in organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, plants, flies, birds and man. Comparisons of circadian clocks in unicellular and multicellular organisms using molecular genetics and genomics have provided new insights into the mechanisms and complexity of clock systems. Whereas unicellular organisms require stand-alone clocks that can generate 24-hour rhythms for diverse processes, organisms with differentiated tissues can partition clock function to generate and coordinate different rhythms. In both cases, the temporal coordination of a multi-oscillator system is essential for producing robust circadian rhythms of gene expression and biological activity.The temporal coordination of internal biological processes, both among these processes and with external environmental cycles, is crucial to the health and survival of diverse organisms, from bacteria to humans. Central to this coordination is an internal CLOCK that controls CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS of gene expression and the resulting biological activity (BOX 1). Despite disparate phylogenetic origins and vast differences in complexity among the species that show circadian rhythmicity, at the core of all circadian clocks is at least one internal autonomous circadian OSCILLATOR. These oscillators contain positive and negative elements that form autoregulatory feedback loops, and in many cases these loops are used to generate 24-hour timing circuits 1, 2 . Components of these loops can directly or indirectly receive environmental input to allow ENTRAINMENT of the clock to environmental time and transfer temporal information through output Competing interests statementThe authors declare no competing financial interests. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNat Rev Genet. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 September 1. Published in final edited form as:Nat Rev Genet. 2005 July ; 6(7): 544-556. doi:10.1038/nrg1633. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript pathways to regulate rhythmic clock-controlled gene (CCG) expression and rhythmic biological activity.Whereas a self-contained clock in single-celled organisms programmes 24-hour rhythms in diverse processes, multicellular organisms with differentiated tissues can partition clock function among different cell types to coordinate tissue-specific rhythms and maintain precision. Now that individual molecular circadian oscillators have been sufficiently described, it has become possible to go beyond single oscillators to try and understand how multiple oscillators are integrated into circadian systems. Evidence accumulated in recent years indicates that the intracellular oscillator systems of single-celled organisms might be more complex than those of higher eukaryotes, whereas the complexity of circadian outputs in multicellular organisms is an emergent property of intercellular interactions. In this review, we discuss the complexity of the circadian clocks on the basis of molecular genetic and geno...

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A promoterless period gene mediates behavioral rhythmicity and cyclical per expression in a restricted subset of the drosophila nervous system

Cited by 245 publications

References 38 publications

Circadian rhythms of female mating activity governed by clock genes in Drosophila

Circadian rhythms of female mating activity governed by clock genes in Drosophila

Posttranscriptional Regulation of Mammalian Circadian Clock Output

Circadian rhythms from multiple oscillators: lessons from diverse organisms

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